随着育龄女性生育年龄的推迟，因卵巢功能减退而导致的生育力低下愈发明显。早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)对于有生育需求育龄女性而言，是毁灭性的打击。卵巢作为生育功能器官，其生殖寿命相对较短，且不可逆。一旦出现卵巢功能减退，几年内卵巢残存的卵泡数量逐渐耗竭，因此，对POI患者的早期诊断尤为重要。导致育龄女性发生POI的病因复杂多样，发病机制迄今尚未阐明。虽然POI患者仍有5%自然妊娠的可能，但是目前传统的辅助生殖技术并不能满足POI患者的生育需求，卵母细胞捐赠仍然是对其最有效的生育手段。促排卵治疗、体外激活(IVA)技术、线粒体替代疗法(MRT)、干细胞疗法(SCT)、富含血小板血浆(PRP)疗法，免疫治疗与其他治疗技术的发展，为POI患者实现妊娠提供更多可能，但是上述技术多数尚处于基础研究阶段，未来的临床应用风险迄今尚未阐明。笔者拟就POI患者的病因、目前POI患者可能选择的生育治疗方案的最新进展进行阐述，旨在探讨各种治疗方案的优势和局限性，为POI患者制定生育方案提供参考。

As women of childbearing age postpone childbearing, ovarian dysfunction and resulting subfertility are becoming increasingly pronounced. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a devastating blow to women of childbearing age who have reproductive needs. As a reproductive organ, the ovary has a relatively limited reproductive lifespan, and the decline in ovarian function is generally irreversible. Once ovarian dysfunction occurs, the number of remaining follicles in the ovaries gradually depletes within a few years. Therefore, early diagnosis of POI is crucial. The causes of POI in women of childbearing age are complex and diverse, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Although women with POI still have an approximately 5% chance of spontaneous pregnancy, traditional assisted reproductive technologies currently cannot meet the reproductive needs of POI patients. Oocyte donation remains the most effective fertility treatment option for these patients. Advances in ovarian stimulation, in vitro activation (IVA), mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), stem cell therapy (SCT), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, as well as immunotherapy and other treatments, are offering more options for POI patients. However, most of these technologies are still in the basic research stage, and the risks of future clinical application remain unclear. The author intends to explain the latest research status on the causes of POI patients and the fertility treatment options that POI patients may choose, aiming to explore the advantages and limitations of various treatment options, and provide a reference for developing fertility plans for patients with POI.