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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (04) : 380 -385. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.04.002

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卵巢癌的分子诊疗临床应用现状
赵颖, 尹晓宇, 步华磊()   
  1. 山东大学齐鲁医院妇产科,济南 250012
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22 修回日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2025-08-01
  • 通信作者: 步华磊

Current status of molecular diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer in clinical application

Ying Zhao, Xiaoyu Yin, Hualei Bu()   

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-22 Revised:2025-07-22 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Hualei Bu
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QH050); National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102963)
引用本文:

赵颖, 尹晓宇, 步华磊. 卵巢癌的分子诊疗临床应用现状[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(04): 380-385.

Ying Zhao, Xiaoyu Yin, Hualei Bu. Current status of molecular diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer in clinical application[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(04): 380-385.

随着分子生物学技术的发展,分子诊疗技术通过精准识别肿瘤细胞特征,可显著改善卵巢癌患者的预后。肿瘤的分子诊疗技术,主要集中在分析肿瘤细胞的分子特征,包括基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组学等多个层面。在卵巢癌诊疗中,越来越多分子靶向治疗药物被开发。其中,应用最广泛的是聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂和抗血管生成药物,其他还有免疫检查点抑制剂(ICB)、抗体偶联药物(ADC)及针对人体其他信号通路的靶向药物等。卵巢癌分子诊疗的难点主要在于卵巢癌的异质性,需要开发更精确的分子分型方法,并为该类患者提供更有针对性的治疗策略。对卵巢癌患者分子诊疗的重点是通过综合分析患者的基因组、转录组和蛋白质组数据,制定个体化治疗方案。目前卵巢癌分子诊疗领域的研究热点主要包括PARP抑制剂在卵巢癌的应用、新的ADC、耐药机制的研究,以及人工智能在复杂数据分析中的临床应用等。笔者拟主要从分子诊断技术在卵巢癌临床诊断中的应用,卵巢癌分子靶向治疗药物的临床应用、新型分子靶向治疗药物临床探索及卵巢癌的免疫治疗临床应用的最新研究现状进行系统阐述,旨在为卵巢癌患者的分子诊疗临床应用提供参考。

With the development of molecular biology techniques, molecular diagnosis and treatment technologies can significantly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients by precisely identifying the characteristics of tumor cells. Molecular diagnostic techniques for tumors mainly focus on analyzing the molecular features of tumor cells, including multiple levels such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer, an increasing number of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs have been developed. Among them, the most widely used are poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and anti-angiogenic drugs, while others include immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and targeted drugs for other human signaling pathways. The main difficulty in molecular diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer lies in its heterogeneity. We need to develop more precise molecular typing methods and provide more targeted treatments for them. The focus of molecular diagnosis and treatment is to formulate individualized treatment plans through comprehensive analysis of patients′ genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. The hotspots in the field of molecular diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer mainly include the application of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer, new ADC, research on drug resistance mechanisms, and the clinical application of artificial intelligence in complex data analysis. The author intends to systematically elaborate on the latest research status of the application of molecular diagnostic techniques in the clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer, the clinical application of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs for ovarian cancer, the clinical exploration of new molecular targeted therapeutic drugs, and the clinical application of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of molecular diagnosis and treatment for ovarian cancer patients.

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