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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01) : 114 -121. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.01.015

论著

子宫动脉栓塞术对阴道分娩后胎盘滞留及合并胎盘植入患者清宫术治疗胎盘滞留的疗效分析
杨娟1, 杜雪1, 田旺1, 吕文杰1, 杨媛媛1, 尹宗智1,()   
  1. 1. 安徽医科大学第一附属医院妇产科,合肥 230022
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-08 修回日期:2025-01-07 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 尹宗智
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82071679、82271721)

Efficacy analysis of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of retained placenta by dilation and curettage for patients with retained placenta and patients with retained placenta complicated with placenta accreta after vaginal delivery

Juan Yang1, Xue Du1, Wang Tian1, Wenjie Lyu1, Yuanyuan Yang1, Zongzhi Yin1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230022,Anhui Province,China
  • Received:2024-08-08 Revised:2025-01-07 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Zongzhi Yin
引用本文:

杨娟, 杜雪, 田旺, 吕文杰, 杨媛媛, 尹宗智. 子宫动脉栓塞术对阴道分娩后胎盘滞留及合并胎盘植入患者清宫术治疗胎盘滞留的疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(01): 114-121.

Juan Yang, Xue Du, Wang Tian, Wenjie Lyu, Yuanyuan Yang, Zongzhi Yin. Efficacy analysis of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of retained placenta by dilation and curettage for patients with retained placenta and patients with retained placenta complicated with placenta accreta after vaginal delivery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(01): 114-121.

目的

探讨阴道分娩后胎盘滞留患者,以及合并胎盘植入患者直接清宫和子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫,对胎盘滞留的治疗效果。

方法

选择2014年1月至2022年12月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院因阴道分娩后胎盘滞留住院治疗的85例患者为研究对象。根据是否合并胎盘植入,将其分为A 组(n=45,单纯胎盘滞留)和B 组(n=40,胎盘滞留合并胎盘植入),2组患者均根据具体情况,采用直接清宫,或子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫治疗胎盘滞留。采用回顾性分析方法,对2组患者临床资料进行分析。采用独立样本t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验及χ2 检验,对2组患者临床资料、超声与MRI对胎盘滞留合并胎盘植入的诊断符合率等进行统计学比较,并分别对2组患者2种清宫治疗方案的术中出血量、术后盆腔感染率等进行统计学比较。采用Spearman秩相关性分析法,对胎儿娩出与胎盘娩出间隔时间、胎盘滞留的最大横截面积分别与清宫术中出血量的关系进行分析。本研究遵循的程序符合本院伦理委员会要求(审批文号:2024-01-34)。

结果

①2组胎盘滞留患者年龄、人体质量指数(BMI)、孕次、既往宫腔操作史、胚胎移植者比例及分娩孕龄,分娩医院级别(≤2级、3级),胎盘滞留位置(宫腔、宫底、宫角),胎盘滞留类型(部分、全部),以及胎儿娩出与胎盘娩出间隔时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B 组患者胎盘滞留最大横截面积及清宫术中出血量分别为60.0 cm2(41.0 cm2,92.1 cm2),175.0 m L(72.5 m L,400.0 m L),均大于A 组患者的41.4 cm2(16.9 cm2,77.8 cm2),100.0 m L(50.0 m L,200.0 m L),并且差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.69、-2.10,P=0.007、0.036)。②A 组直接清宫与子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫胎盘滞留患者的术中出血量,以及出血量≥200 m L、≥300 m L、≥400 m L及≥500 m L发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫患者术中出血量,以及出血量≥300 m L及≥400 m L 发生率分别为100 m L(50 m L,275 m L),27.6%,20.7%,均显著低于直接清宫患者的400 m L(150 m L,480 m L),72.7%,63.6%,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.36、P=0.018,χ2=5.02、P=0.014,χ2=4.89、P=0.020)。③A 组患者胎儿娩出与胎盘娩出间隔时间,与其直接清宫或子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫的术中出血量均无相关性(均为P>0.05),B组患者亦然(均为P>0.05);A 组患者胎盘滞留的最大横截面积,与其直接清宫或子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫的术中出血量均无相关性(均为P>0.05),B组患者亦然(均为P>0.05)。④A 组直接清宫和子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫患者清宫术前盆腔感染率、清宫术后盆腔感染率及清宫次数≥2次患者占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组患者亦然(P>0.05)。⑤腹部超声和MRI对阴道分娩后胎盘滞留患者合并胎盘植入的诊断符合率、敏感度、特异度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

对于阴道分娩后胎盘滞留患者,若未合并胎盘植入,可直接采取清宫术治疗;若合并胎盘植入,则可结合患者具体情况,采取子宫动脉栓塞术后再清宫,可能减少其术中出血量。

Objective

To explore the therapeutic effects of retained placenta by dilation and curettage directly and dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization for patients with retained placenta and patients with retained placenta complicated with placenta accreta after vaginal delivery.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2022,85 patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for placenta retention after vaginal delivery were selected as the research objects.The patients were divided into group A (n=45,retained placenta alone)and group B (n=40,retained placenta combined with placenta accreta),according to whether combined with abnormally invasive placenta or not.Patients in both groups were treated with placenta retention by dilation and curettage directly or dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization based on specific conditions.The clinical data of the patients in the two groups were analyzed using retrospective analysis.Independent-samples t test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test were used to statistically compare the clinical data between two groups,diagnostic accuracy for retained placenta combined with placenta accreta between ultrasound and MRI,and to compare the intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative pelvic infection rate,etc.between two methods of dilation and curettage,respectively in each group.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between intraoperative bleeding volume and the time interval between delivery of the fetus and delivery of the placenta,and the maximum cross-sectional area of the retained placenta,respectively.The procedures followed in this study were in accordance with the requirements of the Ethics Committee of our institution (Approval No.2024-01-34).

Results

①There were no significant differences in the age,body mass index (BMI),number of pregnancies,history of previous uterine operations,proportion of embryo transferees,gestational age at delivery,hospital level of delivery (≤level 2,level 3),location of retained placenta (cavity of the uterus,fundus of the uterus,angle of the uterus),types of retained placenta (partially,completely),and the interval between delivery of the fetus and delivery of the placenta between 2 groups (P>0.05).The maximum crosssectional area of retained placenta and intraoperative bleeding volume of patients in group B were 60.0 cm2(41.0 cm2,92.1 cm2)and 175.0 m L(72.5 m L,400.0 m L),respectively,which were greater than those of 41.4 cm2 (16.9 cm2,77.8 cm2)and 100.0 m L(50.0 m L,200.0 m L)in group A,and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.69,-2.10;P=0.007,0.036).②In group A,there were no significant differences between patients with dilation and curettage directly and patients with dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization of intraoperative bleeding volume,and the incidence of bleeding volume≥200 m L,≥300 m L,≥400 m L and≥500 m L (P>0.05).While in group B,the intraoperative bleeding volume,incidence of bleeding volume≥300 m L and≥400 m L in patients underwent dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization were 100 m L(50 m L,275 m L),27.6%and 20.7%,which were significantly lower than those of 400 m L(150 m L,480 m L),72.7%and 63.6%in patients underwent dilation and curettage directly,and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.36,P=0.018; χ2=5.02,P=0.014; χ2=4.89,P=0.020).③The time interval between delivery of the fetus and delivery of the placenta in group A had no correlation with intraoperative bleeding amount of patients underwent dilation and curettage directly or dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization(all with P >0.05);as well as patients in group B(all with P >0.05).The maximum cross-sectional area of retained placenta in group A had no correlation with intraoperative bleeding amount in either dilation and curettage directly or dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization(all with P >0.05);as well as patients in group B(all with P >0.05).④In group A,there were no significant differences between patients underwent dilation and curettage directly and patients underwent dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization in the pelvic infection rate before or after dilation and curettage,and the proportion of patients underwent dilation and curettage≥2 times (P >0.05);as well as patients in group B(P>0.05).⑤There were no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity between abdominal ultrasound and MRI for patients with retained placenta combined with placenta accreta after vaginal delivery (P>0.05).

Conclusions

For patients with placenta retention after vaginal delivery,if they are not complicated with placenta accreta,they can be treated by dilation and curettage directly.If placenta accreta is combined,they can be treated by dilation and curettage after uterine artery embolization based on their specific situation,which may reduce the intraoperative blood loss.

表1 2组胎盘滞留患者临床资料比较
表2 A 组胎盘滞留患者不同清宫治疗方案术中出血量及不同出血量发生率比较
表3 B组胎盘滞留合并胎盘植入患者不同清宫治疗方案术中出血量及不同出血量发生率比较
表4 2组患者胎儿娩出和胎盘娩出间隔时间与胎盘滞留患者清宫术中出血量的关系
表5 2组患者胎盘滞留的最大横截面积与胎盘滞留患者清宫术中出血量的关系
表6 2组胎盘滞留患者不同清宫治疗方案的术后感染率及清宫次数比较[例数(%)]
表7 腹部超声对阴道分娩后胎盘滞留患者是否合并胎盘植入的诊断结果四格表(例)
表8 腹部MRI对阴道分娩后胎盘滞留患者是否合并胎盘植入的诊断结果四格表(例)
表9 腹部超声与MRI对阴道分娩后胎盘滞留患者合并胎盘植入的诊断效能比较
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