探讨晚期早产儿中，小于胎龄(SGA)儿和适于胎龄(AGA)儿的临床特点，为提高围生期早产儿管理质量提供临床依据。

选择2014年11月至2015年11月，于四川大学华西第二医院新生儿科出院的688例晚期早产儿为研究对象。按照出生胎龄与出生体重，将其中151例SGA儿纳入SGA组，537例AGA儿纳入AGA组。回顾性分析早产儿临床病例资料，统计学比较2组早产儿一般临床资料、常见并发症及其母亲孕期合并症发生情况。

①SGA组早产儿出生体重较AGA组低，住院时间较AGA组长，并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；2组早产儿性别构成比及娩出方式(剖宫产与自然分娩)构成比比较，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②SGA组早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)发生率较AGA组低，消化道出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)及低血糖发生率较AGA组高，并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③SGA组早产儿的母亲妊娠期高血压疾病、多胎妊娠及子痫发生率较AGA组高，胎膜早破发生率，则较AGA组低，并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④剖宫产母亲产前，使用与未使用糖皮质激素的SGA儿的RDS发生率比较，以及AGA儿的RDS发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

晚期早产儿中，SGA儿较AGA儿有更多围生期并发症，住院时间更长。需加强对晚期早产儿中SGA儿的管理及随访，提高其生存质量。

To explore the clinical characteristics of small for gestational age (SGA) infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants among late preterm infants, and to provide a clinical basis for improving the management quality of premature infants during the perinatal period.

From November 2014 to November 2015, a total of 688 late preterm infants who were discharged from Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, were chosen as study subjects. According to gestational age and birth weight, 151 SGA preterm infants were included in SGA group, 537 AGA preterm infants were included in AGA group. The clinical medical records of preterm infants were analyzed retrospectively. The general clinical data, common complications and maternal pregnancy complications between two groups of preterm infants were compared statistically.

①The birth weight of SGA group was lower than that of AGA group, and the duration of hospital stay was longer than that of AGA group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were also significant differences between two groups of preterm infants in constituent ratio of gender and delivery modes (cesarean section or eutocia) (P<0.05). ②The incidence rate of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of SGA group was lower than that of AGA group, while the incidence rates of alimentary tract hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and hypoglycemia were higher than those of AGA group, and the differences were were statistically significant (P<0.05). ③The incidence rates of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and eclampsia of SGA group of maternal were higher than those of AGA group, while the incidence rate of premature rupture of fetal membranes was lower than that of AGA group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). ④For caesarean section delivery, there were no significant differences between mothers using and without using glucocorticoids before childbirth in the incidence rates of RDS for both SGA and AGA preterm infants.

There were more perinatal complications and longer length of stays of SGA preterm infants than AGA preterm infants. Therefore, the management and follow-up of SGA among late preterm infants should be strengthened to improve their quality of life.