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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 278 -286. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2023.03.006

论著

2011—2020年北京市小于胎龄儿出生状况分析
赵金琦, 杨楠, 宫丽霏, 唐玥, 李璐璐, 杨海河, 孔元原()   
  1. 首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院新生儿疾病筛查科,北京 100026
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 修回日期:2023-04-20 出版日期:2023-06-01
  • 通信作者: 孔元原

Analysis on birth status of small for gestational age infants in Beijing, 2011-2020

Jinqi Zhao, Nan Yang, Lifei Gong, Yue Tang, Lulu Li, Haihe Yang, Yuanyuan Kong()   

  1. Department of Newborn Screening, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University·Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Revised:2023-04-20 Published:2023-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Yuanyuan Kong
引用本文:

赵金琦, 杨楠, 宫丽霏, 唐玥, 李璐璐, 杨海河, 孔元原. 2011—2020年北京市小于胎龄儿出生状况分析[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(03): 278-286.

Jinqi Zhao, Nan Yang, Lifei Gong, Yue Tang, Lulu Li, Haihe Yang, Yuanyuan Kong. Analysis on birth status of small for gestational age infants in Beijing, 2011-2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2023, 19(03): 278-286.

目的

探讨10年北京市小于胎龄(SGA)儿出生情况及相关影响因素。

方法

选择2011年1月至2020年12月纳入"北京市新生儿疾病筛查管理系统"的在北京市出生的117 499例SGA儿为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法,对其相关临床资料进行分析。采用χ2检验,对早产、足月产及过期产儿中的SGA儿发生率进行比较;采用趋势χ2检验,对这10年的活产儿SGA发生率进行比较。采用方差分析趋势检验,对这10年SGA儿的出生胎龄及出生体重(BW)进行比较。对SGA儿出生胎龄(早产、足月产、过期产)影响因素分析,采用有序多分类logistic回归分析;对北京市SGA儿发生重度SGA影响因素分析,采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析法。本研究遵循的程序经首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院伦理委员会批准(审批文号:2022-KY-091-01)。

结果

①2011—2020年,北京市活产儿的SGA儿发生率为5.4%,男、女SGA儿性别比为1.12∶1。其中,早产儿中SGA儿发生率为8.2%(10 512/128 749),分别高于足月儿中SGA儿发生率[5.2%(106 789/2 056 719)]和过期产儿中SGA儿发生率[6.9%(198/2 868),并且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=2 107.78、17.04,均为P<0.001)。②2011—2020年活产儿SGA发生率这10年的总体比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.13,P<0.001),但无线性趋势(χ2趋势=0.06,P=0.805);这10年SGA儿的出生胎龄和BW随时间呈逐年递减的线性趋势。③相对于出生后为足月产SGA儿:多胎及男性胎儿出生后为早产SGA(PT-SGA)儿的可能性,是单胎及女性胎儿的1.520倍(OR=1/0.658)、2.261倍(OR=2.261);女性及冬季娩出胎儿出生后为过期产SGA儿的可能性,是男性及秋季娩出胎儿的3.021倍(OR=1/0.331)、1.618倍(OR=1/0.618)。④多胎儿(OR=1.340,95%CI:1.285~1.400,P<0.001),男性胎儿(OR=1.267,95%CI:1.232~1.302,P<0.001),母亲为外埠户籍(OR=1.052,95%CI:1.023~1.082,P<0.001),早产(OR=1.532,95%CI:1.464~1.602,P<0.001),均为2011—2020北京市SGA儿发生重度SGA的独立危险因素。

结论

北京市10年活产儿中SGA儿发生率低于发达国家和全国水平。应重视对新生儿的BW和出生胎龄的危险因素管理,以提高SGA儿生存质量。

Objective

To investigate the birth situation and relative influencing factors of small for gestational age (SGA) infants in Beijing in the past 10 years.

Methods

A total of 117 499 SGA infants borned in Beijing from January 2011 to December 2020 in "Beijing Neonatal Disease Screening and Management System" were selected as the research objects and a retrospective analysis was carried out. The incidence of SGA infants among premature, full-term and post-term infants were compared by chi-square test. The incidence of SGA infants in live births in the past 10 years was compared by trend chi-square test. Gestational age and birth weight (BW) of SGA infants in the past ten years were compared by trend test of variance analysis. Ordered multi-classification logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of gestational age (premature, full-term and post-term) of SGA infants. Influencing factors of the occurrence of severe SGA in SGA infants in Beijing was performed using multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis. The procedures followed in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No. 2022-KY-091-01).

Results

①From 2011 to 2020, the incidence of SGA infants among live births in Beijing was 5.4%, the ratio of male to female SGA infants was 1.12∶1. The incidence of SGA among preterm infants was 8.2% (10 512/128 749), which were higher than that among term infants [5.2% (106 789/2 056 719)] and post-term infants [6.9% (198/2 868)], respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=2 107.78, 17.04; both with P<0.001); ②There was significant difference of overall comparison of SGA incidence in live births in the past 10 years from 2011 to 2020 (χ2=122.13, P<0.001), but no linear trend (χ2trend=0.06, P=0.805). The gestational age and BW of SGA infants in the past 10 years showed a linear trend of decreasing with increasing of years. ③Compared to being full-term SGA infants after birth: the probability of multiple and male fetuses being preterm SGA (PT-SGA) infants after birth were 1.520 times (OR=1/0.658) and 2.261 times (OR=2.261) as much as single and female fetuses. The probability of fetus of female and born in winter being post-term SGA infants after birth were 3.021 times (OR=1/0.331) and 1.618 times (OR=1/0.618) as much as fetus of male and born in autumn.④Multiple fetus (OR=1.340, 95%CI: 1.285-1.400, P<0.001), male fetus (OR=1.267, 95%CI: 1.232-1.302, P<0.001), mother was registered in other citys (OR=1.052, 95%CI: 1.023-1.082, P<0.001), and preterm birth (OR=1.532, 95%CI: 1.464-1.602, P<0.001), were all independent risk factors for the development of severe SGA in SGA infants in Beijing from 2011 to 2020.

Conclusions

In 10 years, the incidence of SGA in live births in Beijing is lower than that in developed countries and our country. Attention should be paid to the management of risk factors of BW and gestational age of newborns in order to improve the quality of life of SGA infants.

表1 2011—2020年北京市10个年份出生的活产儿中SGA儿情况比较
表2 2011—2020年北京市3种类型PT-SGA儿的BW分布比较[例数(%)]
表3 影响2011—2020年北京市SGA儿BW和出生胎龄的单因素分析结果
表4 2011—2020年北京市SGA儿出生胎龄影响因素的有序多分类logistic回归分析结果
表5 2011—2020年北京市SGA儿发生重度SGA影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果
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