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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (05) : 568 -579. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.05.010

论著

改良自然周期和来曲唑诱导排卵周期中不同黄体支持方案对高龄及非高龄女性妊娠结局的影响
魏艺, 李欣, 凌秀凤, 赵纯()   
  1. 南京医科大学附属妇产医院/南京市妇幼保健院生殖医学中心,南京 210004
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18 修回日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2025-10-01
  • 通信作者: 赵纯

Effects of different luteal phase support regimens on pregnancy outcomes in advanced-age and non-advanced-age women undergoing modified natural cycle and letrozole-stimulated ovulation cycle

Yi Wei, Xin Li, Xiufeng Ling, Chun Zhao()   

  1. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-18 Revised:2025-08-25 Published:2025-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Chun Zhao
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971386)
引用本文:

魏艺, 李欣, 凌秀凤, 赵纯. 改良自然周期和来曲唑诱导排卵周期中不同黄体支持方案对高龄及非高龄女性妊娠结局的影响[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(05): 568-579.

Yi Wei, Xin Li, Xiufeng Ling, Chun Zhao. Effects of different luteal phase support regimens on pregnancy outcomes in advanced-age and non-advanced-age women undergoing modified natural cycle and letrozole-stimulated ovulation cycle[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(05): 568-579.

目的

探讨改良自然周期冻融胚胎移植(mNC-FET)和来曲唑诱导排卵周期冻融胚胎移植(LC-FET)中,不同黄体支持(LPS)方案对高龄(分娩年龄≥35岁者)及非高龄(分娩年龄<35岁)女性妊娠结局的影响。

方法

收集2018年1月至2021年12月在南京医科大学附属妇产医院生殖医学中心进行mNC-FET周期的1 260例与进行LC-FET周期的1 140例女性为研究对象。根据LPS方案不同,将接受mNC-FET周期者分为mNC-FET-1组(n=772,接受肌内注射者)和mNC-FET-2组(n=488,接受阴道给药者);将接受LC-FET周期者分为LC-FET-1组(n=860,接受肌内注射者)和LC-FET-2组(n=280,接受阴道给药者)。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)方法匹配2组患者,进一步对mNC-FET和LC-FET患者按年龄进行分层(分娩年龄≥35岁和<35岁)。在各周期及各年龄分层内,按照LPS方式不同进行匹配,mNC-FET患者中,分娩年龄<35岁和≥35岁者选择不同LPS方案匹配后分别纳入mNC-FET-1亚组1(n=364,mNC-FET患者中分娩年龄<35岁,并且接受肌内注射者),mNC-FET-1亚组2(n=364,mNC-FET患者中分娩年龄<35岁,并且接受阴道给药者),mNC-FET-2亚组1(n=78,mNC-FET患者中分娩年龄≥35岁,并且接受肌内注射者),mNC-FET-2亚组2(n=84,mNC-FET患者中分娩年龄≥35岁,并且接受阴道给药者);LC-FET患者中,分娩年龄<35岁和≥35岁者选择不同LPS方案匹配后分别纳入LC-FET-1亚组1(n=185,LC-FET患者中分娩年龄<35岁,并且接受肌内注射者),LC-FET-1亚组2(n=177,LC-FET患者中分娩年龄<35岁,并且接受阴道给药者);LC-FET-2亚组1(n=39,LC-FET患者中分娩年龄≥35岁,并且接受肌内注射者),LC-FET-2亚组2(n=77,LC-FET患者中分娩年龄≥35岁,并且接受阴道给药者)。

结果

①经PSM后,mNC-FET中mNC-FET-1、-2组患者及经年龄分层后的mNC-FET-1亚组1、2,mNC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的一般临床资料,包括年龄、人体质量指数(BMI)、不孕类型构成比、不孕年限、基础雌二醇(bE2)、基础促卵泡生成素(bFSH)、基础黄体生成素(bLH)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、既往宫腔手术史占比、既往移植周期数、转化日内膜厚度、受精方式构成比、移植胚胎类型、移植胚胎数、移植优质胚胎数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②经PSM后,LC-FET中LC-FET-1、-2组患者及经年龄分层后的LC-FET-1亚组1、2,LC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的一般临床资料,包括年龄、BMI、不孕类型构成比、不孕年限、bE2、bFSH、bLH、AMH、既往宫腔手术史占比、既往移植周期数、转化日内膜厚度、受精方式构成比、移植胚胎类型、移植胚胎数、移植优质胚胎数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③ mNC-FET患者中,mNC-FET-2亚组1患者的着床率(42.7% vs 28.7%)、临床妊娠(56.4% vs 39.3%)、活产率(48.7% vs 32.1%)显著高于mNC-FET-2亚组2,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④ LC-FET患者中,LC-FET-1、-2组患者及经年龄分层后的LC-FET-1亚组1、2,LC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的临床结局比较,包括着床率、临床妊娠、流产率、早期流产率、晚期流产率、活产率,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

对于进行mNC-FET的高龄女性,选择肌内注射黄体酮的LPS方案可获得更好的妊娠结局;在LC-FET周期中,不同LPS方案对高龄及非高龄女性妊娠结局的影响相似。

Objective

To evaluate the impact of different luteal phase support (LPS) regimens on pregnancy outcomes among women of advanced and non-advanced maternal age undergoing modified natural cycle (mNC) or letrozole-stimulated (LC) frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).

Methods

A total of 2 400 patients who underwent mNC-FET (n=1 260) or LC-FET (n=1 140) between January 2018 and December 2021 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the route of LPS administration, mNC-FET patients were divided into mNC-FET-1 group (n=772, intramuscular progesterone) and mNC-FET-2 group (n=488, vaginal progesterone). Similarly, LC-FET patients were classified into LC-FET-1 group (n=860, intramuscular progesterone) and LC-FET-2 group (n=280, vaginal progesterone). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics across groups. Patients were further stratified by age (≥35 vs <35 years old), and matched based on LPS regimen. The mNC-FET subgroup included: group mNC-FET-1 subgroup 1 (n=364, <35 years old, intramuscular), group mNC-FET-1 subgroup 2 (n=364, <35 years old, vaginal), group mNC-FET-2 subgroup 1 (n=78, ≥35 years old, intramuscular), and group mNC-FET-2 subgroup 2 (n=84, ≥35 years old, vaginal). The LC-FET subgroup included: group LC-FET-1 subgroup 1 (n=185, <35 years old, intramuscular), group LC-FET-1 subgroup 2 (n=177, <35 years, vaginal), group LC-FET-2 subgroup 1 (n=39, ≥35 years old, intramuscular), and group LC-FET-2 subgroup 2 (n=77, ≥35 years old, vaginal).

Results

①After PSM, baseline clinical characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), infertility type, duration of infertility, basal hormone levels [basal estradiol (bE2), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH), basal luteinizing hormone (bLH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)], history of intrauterine surgery, number of previous embryo transfer cycles, endometrial thickness on the day of progesterone initiation, fertilization method, type and number of embryos transferred, and number of high-quality embryos, were comparable between mNC-FET-1 and mNC-FET-2 groups, and also between subgroups mNC-FET-1 subgroup 1 vs mNC-FET-1 subgroup 2 and mNC-FET-2 subgroup 1 vs mNC-FET-2 subgroup 2 (all P>0.05). ② Similarly, no significant differences in the same baseline characteristics were found between LC-FET-1 and LC-FET-2 groups, or between subgroups LC-FET-1 subgroup 1 vs LC-FET-1 subgroup 2 and LC-FET-2 subgroup 1 vs LC-FET-2 subgroup 2 (all P>0.05). ③ Among mNC-FET patients aged ≥35 years, the intramuscular group (mNC-FET-2 subgroup 1) had significantly higher implantation (42.7% vs 28.7%), clinical pregnancy (56.4% vs 39.3%), and live birth rates (48.7% vs 32.1%) compared to the vaginal group (mNC-FET-2 subgroup 2) (all P<0.05). ④ Among LC-FET patients, no significant differences were observed in implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate (total, early, or late), or live birth rate between the LC-FET-1 and LC-FET-2 groups or among the corresponding age-stratified subgroups (all P>0.05).

Conclusions

Intramuscular progesterone administration for luteal phase support may result in improved pregnancy outcomes in advanced-age women undergoing mNC-FET. In contrast, among women undergoing LC-FET, the efficacy of different LPS regimens appears comparable, regardless of age.

表1 PSM后mNC-FET-1、-2组患者的一般临床资料比较
表2 mNC-FET-1亚组1、2患者的一般临床资料比较
表3 mNC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的一般临床资料比较
表4 PSM后LC-FET-1、-2组患者的一般临床资料比较
表5 LC-FET-1亚组1、2患者的一般临床资料比较
表6 LC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的一般临床资料比较
表7 mNC-FET-1、-2组患者的妊娠结局比较[%(n/n′)]
表8 mNC-FET-1亚组1、2患者的妊娠结局比较[%(n/n′)]
表9 mNC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的妊娠结局的比较[%(n/n′)]
表10 LC-FET-1、-2组患者的妊娠结局比较[%(n/n′)]
表11 LC-FET-1亚组1、2患者的妊娠结局比较[%(n/n′)]
表12 LC-FET-2亚组1、2患者的妊娠结局比较[%(n/n′)]
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