维生素K（Vit K）是一种与凝血功能密切相关的脂溶性维生素，其缺乏可导致新生儿Vit K 缺乏性出血症（VKDB）。VKDB可造成新生儿不良预后及社会和家庭严重的经济负担。早产儿Vit K 来源及代谢特点与足月儿不同，更易发生Vit K 缺乏。目前针对早产儿Vit K 缺乏的预防方案迄今尚未统一，特别是早产儿Vit K 缺乏预防用药途径及剂量，仍然是新生儿领域目前极具争议的热点问题。笔者拟就早产儿Vit K 代谢特点、Vit K 缺乏预防性治疗剂量及用药途径选择的最新研究现状进行阐述，旨在为临床医师更好管理早产儿Vit K 缺乏高风险人群及预防VKDB发生提供参考。

Vitamin K （Vit K）is a fat-soluble vitamin closely associated with coagulation function.Its deficiency can lead to Vit K deficiency bleeding （VKDB），resulting in adverse outcomes for VKDB newborns and imposing a significant economic burden on society and their families.The sources and metabolic characteristics of Vit K in preterm infants differ from those in full-term infants，making them more susceptible to Vit K deficiency.Currently，there is no unified Vit K prophylaxis regimen for preterm infants，particularly regarding the methods and dosages of Vit K administration，which remain highly controversial topics in neonatal field.This article discusses the latest research progress of metabolic characteristics of Vit K in preterm infants，as well as the recommended prophylactic dosages and administration methods，so as to provide a reference for clinicians to better manage premature infants at high risk of Vit K deficiency and prevent the occurrence of VKDB.