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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (05) : 516 -526. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2021.05.004

所属专题: 指南共识

标准·方案·指南

《乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播预防临床指南(2020)》更新要点解读
马娟1,1, 唐仕芳1,1, 刘慧敏2,2, 张娅琴1,1, 邓义娟1,1, 汪丽3,3, 李力4,,4()   
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-22 修回日期:2021-09-18 出版日期:2021-10-01
  • 通信作者: 李力

Interpretation of Clinical Guidelines on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (2020)

Juan Ma1,1, Shifang Tang1,1, Huimin Liu2,2, Yaqin Zhang1,1, Yijuan Deng1,1, Li Wang3,3, Li Li4,4,()   

  • Received:2021-04-22 Revised:2021-09-18 Published:2021-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Li Li
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470886)
引用本文:

马娟, 唐仕芳, 刘慧敏, 张娅琴, 邓义娟, 汪丽, 李力. 《乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播预防临床指南(2020)》更新要点解读[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2021, 17(05): 516-526.

Juan Ma, Shifang Tang, Huimin Liu, Yaqin Zhang, Yijuan Deng, Li Wang, Li Li. Interpretation of Clinical Guidelines on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (2020)[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2021, 17(05): 516-526.

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴传播是导致我国人群慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)发病的主要原因,预防HBV母婴传播是控制CHB的关键。在《乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播预防临床指南(2013)》[以下简称为《HBV预防指南(2013)》]基础上,根据最新循证医学证据和文献报道,对其进行进一步修订和更新,颁布《乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播预防临床指南(2020)》[以下简称为《HBV预防指南(2020)》],从而使我国HBV母婴传播预防管理策略得到进一步优化。《HBV预防指南(2020)》更新推荐建议主要包括以下9个方面。①HBV感染临床诊断标准更新要点;②HBV母婴传播更新要点;③CHB妇女妊娠时机选择更新要点;④CHB孕妇孕期管理更新要点;⑤HBV母婴传播的新生儿免疫预防更新要点;⑥产妇乙型肝炎表面抗原(HbsAg)呈阴性,而家庭其他成员HBsAg呈阳性的子代HBV传播预防;⑦鼓励CHB产妇对其新生儿进行母乳喂养新增要点;⑧对CHB孕妇分娩婴幼儿随访更新要点;⑨预防HBV母婴传播的其他推荐建议更新要点。笔者拟就《HBV预防指南(2020)》的上述9个方面新增、更新要点,并结合其相关临床研究最新进展,对该指南进行解读,旨在帮助产科及儿科医师更新这方面知识,为临床更好预防HBV母婴传播提供参考。

Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main cause of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV plays a critical role in controlling CHB. On the basis of Clinical Guidelines on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (2013) (hereinafter referred to as " 2013 HBV Prevention Guidelines" ), and according to the latest evidence-based medical evidences and literatures, Clinical Guidelines on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (2020) (hereinafter referred to as " 2020 HBV Prevention Guidelines" ) were promulgated, so as to continuously optimize prevention and management strategies of mother-to-child transmission of HBV in China. The recommendations for " 2020 HBV Prevention Guidelines" mainly include the following nine aspects. ①Update points of clinical diagnostic criteria of HBV infection; ②Update points of HBV mother-to-child transmission; ③Update points of timing of pregnancy in women with CHB; ④Update points of management of pregnant women with CHB during pregnancy; ⑤Update points of neonatal immune prevention of HBV mother-to-child transmission of pregnant women with CHB; ⑥Prevention of HBV transmission in offspring whose pregnant mother is hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) negative and other family members are HBsAg positive; ⑦New points to encourage mothers with CHB to breastfeed their newborns; ⑧Update points for follow-up of infants of pregnant women with CHB; ⑨Update points of other recommendations for prevention of HBV mother-to-child transmission. The authors intend to update the main points of the above nine aspects in" 2020 HBV Prevention Guidelines" , and interpret the guidelines in the light of the latest related clinical research progresses, in order to help obstetricians and pediatricians update this knowledge and provide reference for better clinical prevention of HBV mother-to-child transmission.

表1 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在母婴HBV感染的临床诊断标准方面的新增要点
表2 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在HBV母婴传播方面的新增要点
表3 《HBV预防指南(2020)》在不同肝功能状态CHB育龄妇女妊娠建议方面的更新要点
ALT水平(U/L) 肝纤维化 肝硬化 妊娠建议更新要点
正常(≤40) 定期复查肝功能,若正常,则可正常妊娠
增高(>40) 暂时避孕。采取休息等保守治疗措施(不采取抗HBV药物治疗),ALT水平恢复正常,并且稳定超过3个月后,则可正常妊娠。经上述保守治疗3个月后,ALT水平仍然异常者,或正常后反复出现异常者,则需进行抗HBV药物治疗,首选药物为富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯
正常(≤40) 可正常妊娠,但是孕期需要进行抗HBV药物治疗,产后亦需继续进行抗HBV药物治疗
增高(>40) 暂时避孕。首先采取口服抗HBV药物治疗,首选药物为富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯。若肝功能正常3个月后,则可正常妊娠。孕期、产后均需继续口服抗HBV药物治疗
正常(≤40) - 早期 一般不建议妊娠。对于有强烈生育要求者,若其全身状况综合评估较好(白蛋白水平>35 g/L、血小板计数>100×109/L等),则请肝病科医师会诊后,再决定是否可以妊娠。对于可以妊娠者,应对其于孕期、产后继续进行抗HBV药物治疗,首选药物为富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯
增高(>40) - 早期 必须严格采取避孕措施,同时进行抗HBV药物治疗,首选药物为富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯等综合治疗。对于具有强烈生育要求者,其肝功能恢复正常,并且稳定超过3个月后,若全身状况综合评估较好,则可考虑妊娠。但是,其孕期和产后,均应继续口服抗HBV药物治疗
- - 晚期 禁忌妊娠。若其处于肝硬化失代偿期,如脾功能亢进、食管和(或)胃底静脉曲张,或有肝性脑病、肝硬化腹水、消化道出血等病史者,禁忌妊娠。对肝癌妇女亦禁忌妊娠
表4 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在CHB妇女妊娠时机选择方面的更新与新增要点
表5 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在CHB妇女孕期管理方面的更新及新增要点
表6 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在关于HBV母婴传播的免疫预防方面的更新及新增要点
表7 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在鼓励HBV感染产妇对其分娩新生儿进行母乳喂养方面的更新要点
表8 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》对婴幼儿随访方面的更新要点、删除内容及新增要点
表9 与《HBV预防指南(2013)》比较,《HBV预防指南(2020)》在预防HBV母婴传播的其他推荐建议方面的更新要点
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