口腔菌群与儿童常见非口腔性疾病的关系

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2021.05.003

口腔处于人体消化道的最上游，有许多截然不同的微环境，亦是病原体进入人体的主要途径之一。与成年人相比，儿童口腔正常菌群随着生长发育而处于动态变化中，对外界刺激也更为敏感。儿童口腔菌群异常变化，与多种疾病的发生、发展密切相关。因此，通过口腔对儿童进行非侵入性生物样品采集，对某些疾病的快速辅助诊断具有重要意义。笔者拟就儿童口腔菌群的建立及其特点，以及近年对口腔菌群异常变化在儿童哮喘、过敏性紫癜(HSP)、肥胖、阑尾炎和炎症性肠病(IBD)等常见疾病中作用的最新研究进展进行阐述，旨在为儿童非口腔性疾病的辅助诊断提供参考。

关键词: 病理学，口腔, 感染控制，口腔, 慢性病患者口腔医疗, 消化系统和口腔生理学现象, 口腔菌群, 生物学标记, 儿童

Oral cavity is at the uppermost part of human digestive tract. There are many distinct microenvironments in oral cavity, and oral cavity is the main way for pathogens to enter human body. Compared with adults, the oral microbiome in children changes dynamically with body′s growth, and it is more sensitive to external stimulation. The abnormal changes of oral microbiome in children are closely related to occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Therefore, non-invasive biological samples can be collected through oral cavity to assist in immediate detection and rapid diagnosis of some diseases for children, and it is of great significance. This article summarizes establishment and characteristics of children′s oral microbiome, focuses on research advances in relationship between oral microbiome and children′s some non-oral diseases in recent years, including asthma, Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), obesity, appendicitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in order to provide evidences for auxiliary diagnosis of children′s some non-oral diseases.

Key words: Pathology, oral, Infection control, dental, Dental care for chronically ill, Digestive system and oral physiological phenomena, Oral microbiome, Biological markers, Child

表1 与儿童哮喘相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	链球菌
变形菌门	流感嗜血杆菌
拟杆菌门	卟啉单胞菌
其他	韦荣球菌

表1 与儿童哮喘相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	链球菌
变形菌门	流感嗜血杆菌
拟杆菌门	卟啉单胞菌
其他	韦荣球菌

表2 与过敏性紫癜患儿相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	A族溶血性链球菌、葡萄球菌
变形菌门	幽门螺杆菌、奈瑟菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、丁酸弧菌
拟杆菌门	普雷沃菌、空肠弯曲菌
其他	韦荣球菌

表2 与过敏性紫癜患儿相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	A族溶血性链球菌、葡萄球菌
变形菌门	幽门螺杆菌、奈瑟菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、丁酸弧菌
拟杆菌门	普雷沃菌、空肠弯曲菌
其他	韦荣球菌

表3 与儿童肥胖相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	颗粒链菌、变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌
变形菌门	普雷沃菌、奈瑟菌、嗜血杆菌、福赛斯坦纳菌
拟杆菌门	粪球菌、心杆菌、直肠弯曲杆菌
其他	毛杆菌

表3 与儿童肥胖相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	颗粒链菌、变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌
变形菌门	普雷沃菌、奈瑟菌、嗜血杆菌、福赛斯坦纳菌
拟杆菌门	粪球菌、心杆菌、直肠弯曲杆菌
其他	毛杆菌

表4 与阑尾炎患儿相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	消化链球菌
变形菌门	梭杆菌、卟啉单胞菌
拟杆菌门	啮蚀艾肯菌
其他	微单胞菌、艰难梭菌

表4 与阑尾炎患儿相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	消化链球菌
变形菌门	梭杆菌、卟啉单胞菌
拟杆菌门	啮蚀艾肯菌
其他	微单胞菌、艰难梭菌

表5 与炎症性肠病患儿相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	粪杆菌、罗氏菌、链球菌、孪生球菌
变形菌门	普雷沃菌、嗜血杆菌、奈瑟菌
拟杆菌门	克雷伯菌
其他	另枝菌、韦荣球菌

表5 与炎症性肠病患儿相关的口腔菌群

所属菌门	细菌名称
厚壁菌门	粪杆菌、罗氏菌、链球菌、孪生球菌
变形菌门	普雷沃菌、嗜血杆菌、奈瑟菌
拟杆菌门	克雷伯菌
其他	另枝菌、韦荣球菌

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Current research status between oral microbiome and common non-oral diseases in children

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Current research status between oral microbiome and common non-oral diseases in children