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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 295 -301. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2023.03.008

论著

高龄孕妇心率变异性原因及围产结局分析
陈樱, 陈艳莉()   
  1. 同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院产科,上海 201204
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-08 修回日期:2023-05-01 出版日期:2023-06-01
  • 通信作者: 陈艳莉

Causes of heart rate variability and perinatal outcomes in elderly pregnant women

Ying Chen, Yanli Chen()   

  1. Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai 201204, China
  • Received:2023-01-08 Revised:2023-05-01 Published:2023-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Yanli Chen
引用本文:

陈樱, 陈艳莉. 高龄孕妇心率变异性原因及围产结局分析[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(03): 295-301.

Ying Chen, Yanli Chen. Causes of heart rate variability and perinatal outcomes in elderly pregnant women[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2023, 19(03): 295-301.

目的

探讨高龄孕妇心率变异性(HRV)原因及HRV对高龄孕妇围产结局的影响。

方法

选取2020年6月至2022年5月在同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院产科建卡的70例高龄(分娩年龄≥35岁)孕妇与同期于本院产科建卡的70例适龄(分娩年龄<35岁)孕妇为研究对象,并分别纳入研究组与对照组。采用独立样本t检验、χ2检验等统计学方法,对2组孕妇的以下指标进行统计学分析。①2组孕妇HRV率,HRV指标分析,如24 h窦性心搏RR间期标准差(SDNN)、24 h内每5 min节段窦性RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、24 h内全部窦性RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、相差>50 ms的相邻RR间期占RR间期的百分比(PNN50)、三角指数。②超声心动图检查指标,如收缩末期左心房内径(LAD),舒张末期左心室内径(LVDD),舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST),舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT),右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值(E),舒张末期血流速度峰值(A),二尖瓣环间隔壁舒张早期运动速度峰值(Em),舒张晚期运动速度峰值(Am)。③不良妊娠结局(流产、死胎、早产、剖宫产术分娩及产后出血等),新生儿异常(新生儿窒息、低出生体重等)。本研究遵循的程序符合同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院伦理委员会规定,并通过该医院伦理委员会的审批与同意(伦理审批号:20200305),并与所有受试对象签署临床研究知情同意书。

结果

①2组孕妇孕龄、孕前人体质量指数(BMI)、产次比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2组孕妇分娩年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②对照组孕妇的SDNN[(103.7±10.4) ms]、SDANN[(110.6±10.6) ms]、RMSSD[(24.7±5.4) ms、PNN50[(15.5±3.3)%]、三角指数(35.6±6.8),均高于研究组的(93.6±9.5)ms、(99.7±9.7)ms、(19.7±3.6)ms、(11.7±3.1)%和(27.7±6.5),并且差异均有统计学意义(t=6.02、6.35、6.48、7.08、7.03, P均<0.05)。研究组孕妇HRV率(17.8%,16/70)显著高于对照组(5.6%,5/70),并且差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.52,P=0.011)。③研究组孕妇的LAD [(33.6±2.2)mm]、LVDD [(47.8±2.4)mm]、A[(84.0±8.0)cm/s]、Am [(11.7±3.1)cm/s],均大于对照组的(31.7±2.6)mm、(45.4±2.6)mm、(62.7±6.4)cm/s、(9.6±2.7)cm/s,并且差异均有统计学意义(t=4.66、5.38、17.38、4.26,P均<0.001);2组孕妇的IVST、LVPWT、RVDD、LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④Pearson相关性分析结果显示,研究组孕妇的HRV分析指标,如SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50和三角指数,分别与超声心动图指标的LAD、LVDD、A及Am,均呈负相关关系(P<0.05),分别与E、Em,则均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。⑤研究组孕妇的不良妊娠结局发生率[61.4%(43/70)]和新生儿异常率[22.9%(16/70)],均高于对照组的22.9%(16/70)和4.3%(3/70),并且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=30.51、10.29,P均<0.001)。

结论

高龄孕妇较适龄孕妇存在明显的HRV降低,主要为左心室舒张功能减退,导致心脏储备功能降低。HRV降低可能增加母儿不良妊娠结局发生风险。

Objective

To explore the causes of heart rate variability (HRV) in elderly pregnant women and its influence on their perinatal outcomes.

Methods

From June 2020 to May 2022, a total of 70 elderly pregnant women and 70 non-elderly pregnant women in the same period who visited Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital were selected in this study, and were respectively enrolled in study group and control group. Statistical methods such as independent samples t-test and chi-square test were used to statistically analyze the following indicators of pregnant women between two groups: HRV, HRV analysis metrics [standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), five-minute R-R interval means (SDANN), root mean square of successive difference (RMSSD), percentage of normal to normal intervals differing by more than 50 ms (PNN50)], echocardiography indicators [left atrium end-systolic diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), inter-ventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), early mitral inflow velocity (E), late mitral inflow velocity (A), diastolic velocity during early diastolic filling (Em), late diastolic velocity during atrial contraction (Am)], adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, cesarean section delivery and postpartum hemorrhage, etc.), neonatal abnormalities (neonatal asphyxia, low birth weight, etc.). This study received ethics approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (20200305). Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.

Results

①There were no significant differences in gestational age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and parity between two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in gestational age between two groups (P<0.05). ②The SDNN [(103.7±10.4) ms], SDANN [(110.6±10.6) ms], RMSSD [(24.7±5.4) ms], PNN50 [(15.5±3.3)%], and delta index (35.6±6.8) of pregnant women in control group were higher than those of study group (93.6±9.5) ms, (99.7±9.7) ms, (19.7±3.6) ms, (11.7±3.1)%, and 27.7±6.5, and the differences were statistically (t=6.02, 6.35, 6.48, 7.08, 7.03; P<0.05). In addition, the HRV of pregnant women in study group (17.8%, 16/70) was higher than that of control group (5.6%, 5/70) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.52, P=0.011). ③ The LAD [(33.6±2.2) mm], LVDD [(47.8±2.4) mm], A [(84.0±8.0) cm/s], and Am [(11.7±3.1) cm/s] in study group were greater than those of control group (31.7±2.6) mm, (45.4±2.6) mm, (62.7±6.4) cm/s, (9.6±2.7) cm/s, and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.66, 5.38, 17.38, 4.26, all P<0.0, 01), and there were no statistically significant differences when comparing the IVST, LVPWT, RVDD, and LVEF between two groups (P>0.05). ④Pearson correlation analysis showed that SDNN, STANN, RMSSD, PNN50 and triangle index were negatively correlated with LAD, LVDD, A and Am, respectively (P<0.05), and positively correlated with E and Em, respectively (P<0.05). ⑤ The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (61.4%, 43/70)]and neonatal abnormality (22.9%, 16/70) in study group were higher than those in control group (22.9%, 16/70) and (4.3%, 3/70), and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=30.51, 10.29, all P<0.001).

Conclusions

Elder pregnant women have significantly reduced HRV, mainly because of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, resulting in reduced cardiac reserve function. Lower HRV will increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and adverse neonatal outcomes.

表1 2组孕妇一般临床资料比较
表2 2组孕妇的HRV分析指标与HRV率比较
表3 2组孕妇超声心动图相关指标比较(±s)
表4 研究组孕妇的HRV分析指标与超声心动图指标的相关性分析
表5 2组孕妇不良妊娠结局与新生儿异常发生率比较[例数(%)]
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