Fetal disease affects fetal intrauterine growth and development, neonatal survival rate, as well as short and long-term prognosis. The key to perinatal treatment of fetal disease lies in the precise diagnosis of disease, assessment of the diseases by multidisciplinary team (MDT), making individualized treatment and management strategies. The treatment methods, appropriate evaluation on the intervention time or therapeutic indications directly affect the perinatal and long-term outcome of the fetus. Some fetal diseases can lead to rapid deterioration of fetal conditions in utero, or are lack of effective treatment methods after childbirth. Thus, intrauterine intervention can prevent the progress of the diseases screened and diagnosed prenatally, decrease the mortality of the fetus in utero, which also plays an important role in creating opportunities for postpartum intervention. Up to now, fetal medicine have accumulated a lot of clinical experience in intrauterine treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAPS), selective fetal reduction in multiple pregnancies, fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), fetal pleural effusion, fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) and fetal arrhythmia (FA). The perinatal evaluation, intrauterine therapy and associated risk of fetal diseases are reviewed in this article so as to provide guidance for physicians in fetal medicine.