Chinese Medical E-ournals Database

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01): 78 -91. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.01.011

Original Article

Clinical characteristics of thrombocytopenia in premature infants with late-onset sepsis and its correlation with early complications

Shengnan Lin1, Jianhua Fu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neonatology,Shengjing Hospital to China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,Liaoning Province,China
  • Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2025-01-09 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jianhua Fu

Objective

To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of thrombocytopenia in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS),and the predictive role of platelet count(PLT)for early complications [metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP)and nutritionrelated cholestasis (PNAC)].

Methods

A total of 123 preterm infants with LOS admitted to the Department of Neonatal Medicine,Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected into this study.According to the minimum PLT level during sepsis infection,the 123 infants were divided into three groups:mild group(n=22,50×109/L≤PLT<100×109/L),severe group (n=26,PLT<50×109/L),and control group(n=75,PLT≥100×109/L).Retrospective analysis was performed on the following clinical data of the 123 preterm infants with LOS.①General clinical data:infant factors including gender,gestational age,birth weight,and history of asphyxia,etc.,maternal factors including gestational diabetes(GDM),pregnancy-induced hypertension,prenatal infection,premature rupture of membranes(PROM),and mode of delivery,etc..②Laboratory test results:blood routine [white blood cell count (WBC),neutrophil count (NEUT),lymphocyte count (LYM),hemoglobin(Hb),mean platelet volume (MPV),plateletcrit,platelet distribution width (PDW)],C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),and pathogen detection results [Gram-positive(G+),Gram-negative(G-)and fungi],etc..③Treatment-related indicators:types and duration of antibiotic use,duration of mechanical ventilation,whether blood products were transfused and types[red blood cells,platelets and(or)plasma,albumin,and immunoglobulin],whether to use vasoactive drugs such as dopamine[>5μg/(kg·min)]were used.④Discharge data:total hospital stay,neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)stay,total duration of mechanical ventilation after infection,percentile of discharge weight among children of the same gestational age,etc..⑤Recent complications:extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR),necrotizing e nterocolitis (NEC),retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),MBDP and PNAC,etc..This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University Approval No.2023PS1036K).

Results

①General data:The proportion of infants with a history of asphyxia and PROM,and the positive rate of pathogen detection were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05).②Laboratory test results:The plateletcrit and initial PDW,CRP,PCT levels during each period of sepsis infection were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05).③Treatment:The transfusion of blood products,platelets and(or)plasma,dopamine>5μg/(kg·min),and the duration of antibiotic use during sepsis infection were significantly different among the three groups (P <0.05).④Discharge status:The percentile of discharge weight among c hildren of the same gestational age was significantly different among the three groups (P <0.05),and further pairwise comparisons showed that the discharge weight percentile of the severe group was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05).⑤Recent complications:The incidence of EUGR,MBDP and PNAC was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05).Further pairwise comparisons showed that the incidence of EUGR and MBDP in the mild group was higher than that in the control group,and the incidence of PNAC in the mild and severe groups was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05).⑥Multivariate analysis:Asphyxia(OR=2.662,95%CI:1.081-6.547,P=0.033)and positive pathogen detection results(OR=5.491,95%CI:1.943-15.511,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for thrombocytopenia in preterm infants with LOS.⑦Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis results:The area under curve(AUC)of PLT count combined with birth weight for predicting MBDP and PNAC in preterm infants with LOS was 0.875(95%CI:0.808-0.942)and 0.900(95%CI:0.832-0.968,P<0.001),respectively,with sensitivity of 87.5%and 90.0%,and specificity of 72.9%and 86.4%,respectively.

Conclusions

PLT count combined with birth weight has a high predictive value for MBDP and PNAC in preterm infants with LOS,which helps to assess the risk of recent complications in preterm infants with LOS.

表1 本研究3组LOS早产儿及其孕母一般资料及临床资料比较
表2 3 组LOS 早产儿病原微生物检测阳性率比较[例数(%)]
表3 3组LOS早产儿脓毒症期间血常规、CRP及PCT 总体比较
组别 例数 WBC(×109/L) NEUT%(%)
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s ) 初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期(xˉ± s ) 恢复期(xˉ± s )
轻度组 22 11.6(5.4,19.3) 9.4(7.9,12.9) 9.9±3.7 61.4(40.5,75.0) 43.8±18.9 32.2±10.5
重度组 26 13.7(5.8,28.0) 13.1(8.2,19.6) 10.1±3.0 67.9(38.7,74.4) 53.8±19.8 39.9±14.1
对照组 75 9.3(6.2,12.2) 10.8(6.9,15.7) 11.1±3.4 64.0(49.6,78.4) 45.2±19.1 33.9±12.7
统计量 H=0.57 H=2.59 F=1.69 H=0.40 F=1.55 F=2.52
P 0.751 0.274 0.189 0.818 0.219 0.086
组别 例数 LY%(%) Hb(g/L,xˉ± s )
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s ) 初期 极期 恢复期
轻度组 22 22.5(14.2,45.4) 38.9(34.8,43.0) 49.9±11.3 130.7±24.4 122.1±22.6 111.7±21.2
重度组 26 37.7(9.6,47.2) 25.1(16.8,38.3) 41.6±11.7 118.6±27.3 114.7±19.2 104.1±12.9
对照组 75 22.8(11.3,35.5) 41.7(23.8,53.7) 46.7±13.1 123.5±19.7 116.9±15.5 109.4±14.7
统计量 H=0.26 H=4.06 F=2.77 F=1.75 F=0.87 F=2.36
P 0.878 0.131 0.067 0.179 0.422 0.107
组别 例数 MPV(fL) 血小板压积(%)
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s ) 初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s )
轻度组 22 10.4(9.7,10.9) 10.6(9.4,11.3) 10.2±0.7 0.08(0.02,0.09) 0.10(0.09,0.13) 0.22±0.11
重度组 26 10.2(9.0,11.3) 10.5(8.3,11.6) 10.3±0.9 0.05(0.02,0.09) 0.04(0.03,0.06) 0.20±0.10
对照组 75 10.2(9.5,11.0) 10.3(9.6,11.1) 9.9±1.0 0.20(0.16,0.26) 0.19(0.15,0.25) 0.32±0.10
统计量 H=0.25 H=0.96 F=1.07 H=66.92 H=42.40 F=11.89
P 0.882 0.618 0.348 0.001 0.001 0.001
组别 例数 PDW(fL) 初期CRP[mg/L,M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 初期PCT[ng/mL,M ( Q1,  Q3 ) ]
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s )
轻度组 22 18.6(18.0,19.2) 18.4(18.3,18.8) 18.4±0.6 29.9(16.3,80.8) 16.0(2.5,22.8)
重度组 26 17.9(17.6,18.9) 18.7(18.1,19.2) 18.4±0.5 57.0(33.5,77.3) 10.5(3.1,13.9)
对照组 75 18.8(18.3,19.1) 18.8(18.3,19.0) 18.3±0.8 28.5(18.0,47.2) 3.5(0.6,8.5)
统计量 H=7.08 H=0.88 F=0.31 H=13.66 H=12.42
P 0.029 0.664 0.733 0.001 0.002
表4 3组LOS早产儿脓毒症期间血小板压积与感染初期PDW、CRP及PCT 进一步两两比较结果
表5 本研究3组LOS早产儿脓毒症期间治疗情况比较[例数(%)]
组别 例数 输注血液制品 红细胞 血小板和(或)血浆 白蛋白 丙种球蛋白
轻度组 22 25(96.1) 19(73.1) 16(61.5) 6(23.1) 17(65.4)
重度组 26 15(68.1) 14(63.6) 4(18.2) 2(9.1) 19(86.4)
对照组 75 54(72.0) 42(56.0) 5(6.7) 17(22.3) 48(64.0)
总体比较(统计量/P值) χ 2=8.19/0.017 χ 2=2.45/0.310 χ 2=31.38/<0.001 a/0.394 χ 2=4.06/0.153
两两比较(统计量/P值)
重度组vs 轻度组 χ 2=8.27/0.004 χ 2=0.49/0.543 χ 2=9.22/0.002 χ 2=1.68/0.260 χ 2=2.80/0.180
重度组vs 对照组 χ 2=6.61/0.010 χ 2=2.35/0.164 χ 2=35.30/<0.001 χ2<0.01/>0.999 χ 2=0.02/>0.999
轻度组vs 对照组 χ 2=0.57/0.597 χ 2=0.41/0.627 χ 2=2.68/0.202 χ 2=1.99/0.226 χ 2=3.98/0.065
组别 例数 使用抗菌药物[例数(%)] 多巴胺>5 μg/(kg·min)[例数(%)] 抗菌药物使用时间(d,xˉ± s ) 感染期间机械通气时间[d,M ( Q1,  Q3 )]
单独使用三代头孢 碳青霉烯类或万古霉素 ≥2种抗菌药物联合使用
轻度组 22 2(8.3) 13(54.1) 10(41.6) 8(30.8) 12.4±4.5 54.0(0,117.8)
重度组 26 5(22.7) 6(27.3) 11(50.0) 2(9.5) 11.7±4.8 31.0(0,102.2)
对照组 75 32(42.7) 19(25.3) 24(32.0) 6(8.1) 9.3±4.6 31.0(0,62.0)
总体比较(统计量/P值) χ 2=17.24/0.004 χ 2=7.72/0.017 F=5.51/0.005 H=2.48/0.289
两两比较(统计量/P值)
重度组vs 轻度组 χ 2=4.43/0.170 χ 2=3.13/0.077 t=0.66/0.621 U=340.00/0.251
重度组vs 对照组 χ 2=13.85/0.002 χ 2=8.38/0.004 t=3.08/0.004 U=1 169.00/0.124
轻度组vs 对照组 χ 2=3.33/0.199 χ 2=0.05/0.823 t=2.42/0.031 U=822.50/0.982
表6 3组LOS早产儿出院时情况比较
表7 3组LOS早产儿相关并发症发生率比较[例数(%)]
表8 LOS早产儿血小板减少影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
表9 MBDP组和非MBDP组LOS早产儿临床资料比较
表10 PNAC组和非PNAC组LOS早产儿临床资料比较
表11 LOS早产儿儿并发MBDP影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
表12 LOS早产儿并发PNAC影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
图1 PLT 和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发MBDP的ROC曲线 注:PLT 为血小板计数,LOS为晚发型脓毒症,MBDP为代谢性骨病,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
表13 PLT 和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发MBDP的ROC曲线分析结果
图2 PLT 水平和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发PNAC的ROC曲线 注:PLT 为血小板计数,LOS为晚发型脓毒症,PNAC为营养相关性胆汁淤积,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
表14 PLT 和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发PNAC的ROC曲线分析结果
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