Relationship between low level of serum placental growth factor in the second trimester pregnancy women and adverse fetal prognosis

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2024.04.006

Objective

To investigate the relationship between low level of serum placental growth factor （PLGF）in the second trimester pregnancy women and adverse fetal prognosis.

Methods

A total of 177 cases of pregnant women who received regular prenatal checkups in the Department of Obstetrics，Beijing Friendship Hospital，Capital Medical University from March 2023 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were grouped into study group （n=87，serum PLGF level＜60 pg/m L during the second trimester）and control group （n=90，serum PLGF level≥60 pg/m L during the second trimester）according to the serum PLGF level during the second trimester by retrospective analysis method.The gestational age，premature delivery rate，birth weight of newborn，incidence of low birth weight，Apgar score at 1 min after birth，p H of umbilical artery and incidence of neonatal asphyxia of two groups were collected，and were statistically compared by independent-samples t test or chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method.This study was in line with the requirements of World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki

Results

①The gestational age of study group was （33.6±3.1）gestational weeks，which was lower than that of control group （38.3±1.2）gestational weeks，while the premature delivery rate of study group was 12.6%（11/87），which was higher than that of control group （3.3%，3/90），and both the differences were statistically significant （t=4.45，P＜0.001； χ²=5.26，P=0.002）.②The birth weight of newborns in study group was（1 954±459）g，which was lower than that in control group（2 964±283）g，and the incidence of low birth weight infants in study group was 13.8%（12/87），which was higher than that in control group ^（2.2%，2/90），and both the differences were statistically significant（t=5.93，P＜0.001； χ²=8.13，P＜0.001）.③In study group，the Apgar score at 1 min after birth of neonate was（7.9±1.7）points，and the p H value of umbilical artery blood was 7.2±0.2，which were both lower than those of control group （9.3±1.1）points and 7.3±0.1 respectively，and both the differences were statistically significant （t=2.25，P=0.038；t=2.16，P=0.045）.④There was no significant difference in the incidence of neonatal asphyxia between two groups （P=0.362）.

Conclusions

Low level of serum PLGF in the second trimester is associated with adverse fetal prognosis，such as premature birth，low birth weight，low Apgar score at 1 min after birth，and low umbilical cord blood p H value in newborns.For pregnant women with low level of serum PLGF in clinical practice，it is necessary to strengthen prenatal examinations，identify high-risk groups early，so as to improve the prognosis of newborn.

Key words: Pregnancy trimester，second, Placental growth factor, Prognosis, Premature birth, Infant，low birth weight, Apgar score, Pregnant women

表1 2组孕妇一般临床资料比较（±s）

组别	例数	年龄（岁）	孕次（次）	产次（次）	早孕期BMI（kg/m²）
研究组	87	28.3±6.2	3.2±1.4	1.89±0.94	26.3±2.3
对照组	90	29.5±7.0	3.4±2.0	1.93±0.86	26.9±2.2
t值		0.61	0.95	0.83	＜0.01
P值		0.552	0.669	0.693	0.973

表1 2组孕妇一般临床资料比较（±s）

组别	例数	年龄（岁）	孕次（次）	产次（次）	早孕期BMI（kg/m²）
研究组	87	28.3±6.2	3.2±1.4	1.89±0.94	26.3±2.3
对照组	90	29.5±7.0	3.4±2.0	1.93±0.86	26.9±2.2
t值		0.61	0.95	0.83	＜0.01
P值		0.552	0.669	0.693	0.973

表2 2组孕妇分娩孕龄及早产率比较

组别	例数	分娩孕龄（周， $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ±s）	早产［例数（%）］
研究组	87	33.6±3.1	11（12.6）
对照组	90	38.3±1.2	3（3.3）
统计量		t=4.45	χ²=5.26
P值		＜0.001	0.002

表2 2组孕妇分娩孕龄及早产率比较

组别	例数	分娩孕龄（周， $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ±s）	早产［例数（%）］
研究组	87	33.6±3.1	11（12.6）
对照组	90	38.3±1.2	3（3.3）
统计量		t=4.45	χ²=5.26
P值		＜0.001	0.002

表3 2组新生儿出生体重与低出生体重儿发生率比较

组别	例数	新生儿出生体重（g， $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ±s）	低出生体重儿［例数（%）］
研究组	87	1 954±459	12（13.8）
对照组	90	2 964±283	2（2.2）
统计量		t=5.93	χ²=8.13
P值		＜0.001	＜0.001

表3 2组新生儿出生体重与低出生体重儿发生率比较

组别	例数	新生儿出生体重（g， $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ±s）	低出生体重儿［例数（%）］
研究组	87	1 954±459	12（13.8）
对照组	90	2 964±283	2（2.2）
统计量		t=5.93	χ²=8.13
P值		＜0.001	＜0.001

表4 2组新生儿生后1 min Apgar评分及脐动脉血p H 值比较（±s）

组别	例数	生后1min Apgar评分（分）	脐动脉血pH值
研究组	87	7.9±1.7	7.2±0.2
对照组	90	9.3±1.1	7.3±0.1
t值		2.25	2.16
P值		0.038	0.045

表4 2组新生儿生后1 min Apgar评分及脐动脉血p H 值比较（±s）

组别	例数	生后1min Apgar评分（分）	脐动脉血pH值
研究组	87	7.9±1.7	7.2±0.2
对照组	90	9.3±1.1	7.3±0.1
t值		2.25	2.16
P值		0.038	0.045

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