Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a hereditary predisposition to hemolysis, is one of the most common human enzyme defect disease. It is estimated to affect approximately 400 million people worldwide. The most frequent clinical manifestations of neonatal G6PD deficiency are neonatal jaundice, and acute haemolytic anaemia, which are usually triggered by an exogenous agent. Kernicterus is a serious contributor to newborn mortality and morbidity in G6PD deficient babies. It has proved that neonatal G6PD deficiency cloud be well controlled by the newborn screening and comprehensive prevention at home and abroad for decades. At present, several countries have successfully established screening programmes for neonatal G6PD deficiency, but some of the high incidence areas of this disease have not been carried out. This paper reviews the current status, necessity, feasibility, problems and solution paths of neonatal screening for G6PD deficiency.