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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 403 -409. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2024.04.007

围产医学专辑

中孕期宫颈功能不全孕妇经阴道紧急宫颈环扎术后不良妊娠结局预测模型构建
杜佳丽1, 鲍睿1, 乔春红1,(), 韩伟2   
  1. 1.南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院产科,宿迁 223800
    2.宿迁市妇幼医院妇产科,宿迁 223800
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16 修回日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2024-08-01
  • 通信作者: 乔春红
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20201078)2023年宿迁市指导性科技计划项目(Z202397)

Construction of a prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes after emergency cervical cerclage in pregnant women with cervical incompetence during the second trimester

Jiali Du1, Rui Bao1, Chunhong Qiao1,(), Wei Han2   

  1. 1.Department of Obstetrics,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu Province,China
    2.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Suqian Women's and Children's Hospital,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu Province,China
  • Received:2024-04-16 Revised:2024-07-10 Published:2024-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Chunhong Qiao
引用本文:

杜佳丽, 鲍睿, 乔春红, 韩伟. 中孕期宫颈功能不全孕妇经阴道紧急宫颈环扎术后不良妊娠结局预测模型构建[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(04): 403-409.

Jiali Du, Rui Bao, Chunhong Qiao, Wei Han. Construction of a prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes after emergency cervical cerclage in pregnant women with cervical incompetence during the second trimester[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2024, 20(04): 403-409.

目的

探讨中孕期宫颈功能不全(CI)孕妇经阴道紧急宫颈环扎术(ECC)后不良妊娠结局影响因素,并构建和验证其不良妊娠结局风险预测模型。

方法

选择2017年3月至2023年4月南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院收治的采取经阴道ECC治疗的208例中孕期CI孕妇为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法,根据CI孕妇妊娠结局,将其分别纳入研究组(n=95,分娩新生儿为早产、窒息、死产等不良结局者)与对照组(n=113,分娩正常新生儿者)。收集2组孕妇相关临床资料。采用成组t检验或χ2 检验,对中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后发生不良妊娠结局的影响因素进行单因素分析与多因素非条件logistic回归分析。将多因素分析中筛选出来的影响因素,构建预测中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后发生不良妊娠结局风险的列线图模型,并进行验证。本研究获得南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院医学伦理委员会批准(审批文号:2024040)。

结果

①本研究208例孕妇中,分娩新生儿窒息、早产、死产者分别为23、29、43例。②单因素分析结果显示,研究组孕妇既往中孕期流产史、经产妇、单胎妊娠占比及本次ECC中宫口扩张直径,均显著高于或长于对照组,而既往早孕期流产史占比、本次ECC中宫颈长度,则显著低于或短于对照组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,既往中孕期流产史(OR=6.721,95%CI:2.830~15.966,P<0.001),经产妇(OR=9.397,95%CI:3.734~23.652,P <0.001),本次ECC 中宫口扩张直径大(OR=11 562.700,95%CI:466.843~286 382.987,P<0.001),均为中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC 后不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素,而本次ECC 中宫颈长度长,则为其独立保护因素(OR=0.042,95%CI:0.004~0.438,P=0.008),根据这4项影响因素建立预测中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC 后发生不良妊娠结局风险的列线图模型。④采用Bootstrap 法内部验证该列线图模型的结果显示,C-指数为0.92(95%CI:0.86~0.97),具有良好区分度;校准曲线分析结果显示,理想曲线与校准曲线拟合度良好,Hosmer-Lemeshow 检验结果显示,列线图模型预测的中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC 后,不良妊娠结局风险与实际风险比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.24,P=0.624)。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析结果显示,该列线图模型预测中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC 后不良妊娠结局的敏感度为80.1%(95%CI:71.9%~87.3%),特异度为85.2%(95%CI:78.0%~92.1%),曲线下面积(AUC)为0.91(95%CI:0.87~0.95)。

结论

既往中孕期流产史、经产妇、本次ECC中宫口扩张直径及宫颈长度与中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后不良妊娠结局风险有关。本研究构建列线图模型,有助于自中孕期CI孕妇中筛查经阴道ECC后不良妊娠结局高风险孕妇。

Objective

To investigate the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with cervical incompetence(CI)during the second trimester after emergency cervical cerclage (ECC),and establish and validate a risk prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A total of 208 CI pregnant women during the second trimester who were treated with vaginal ECC in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital from March 2017 to April 2023 were selected as study objects.According to the pregnancy o utcomes of CI pregnant women,they were included into study group (n=95,those with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth,neonatal asphyxia,and stillbirth)and control group (n=113,those with normal newborn deliveries)by retrospective method.The clinical data of pregnant women in two groups were collected retrospectively.Independent-samples t test or chi-square test was used to conduct univariate analysis of the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in CI pregnant women during the second trimester after vaginal ECC,and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to conduct multivariate analysis.The influencing factors screened out in multivariate analysis were used to construct a nomogram model for the risk of adverse pregnancy o utcomes in CI pregnant women during the second trimester after vaginal ECC,and to validate the model.This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital(Approval No.2024040).

Results

①Among the 208 pregnant women,95 had adverse pregnancy outcomes,including 23 cases of neonatal asphyxia,29 cases of premature delivery and 43 cases of stillbirth.②Results of univariate analysis showed that the proportions of previous history of miscarriage during the second trimester,multipara and singleton pregnancy and the cervical dilation diameter in ECC were significantly higher or longer than those in control group,while the proportion of first trimester miscarriage history and cervical length in ECC were significantly lower or shorter than those in control group,and all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).③Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the previous history of miscarriage during the second trimester (OR=6.721,95%CI:2.830-15.966,P <0.001),multipara(OR=9.397,95%CI:3.734-23.652,P<0.001)and large cervical dilation diameter in ECC (OR=11 562.700,95%CI:466.843-286 382.987,P <0.001)were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes after vaginal ECC in CI women during the second trimester,while large cervical length in ECC was its independent protective factor (OR=0.042,95%CI:0.004-0.438,P=0.008).And a nomogram prediction model for predicting the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with CI during the second trimester after vaginal ECC was established based on these four influencing factors.④Results of internal verification of the nomogram prediction model by Bootstrap method showed that C-index of the prediction model was 0.92(95%CI:0.86-0.97),which had good differentiation.Calibration curve analysis results showed that the ideal curve and calibration curve fit well.Hosmer-Lemeshow test results showed that there was no statistical significance between the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome predicted by the nomogram prediction model and the actual risk after vaginal ECC in CI pregnant women during the second trimester (χ2=0.24,P=0.624).The results of receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the model in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes after vaginal ECC were 80.1%(95%CI:71.9%-87.3%)and 85.2%(95%CI:78.0%-92.1%),and the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.91(95%CI:0.87-0.95).

Conclusions

Previous history of miscarriage during the second trimester,multipara,cervical dilation diameter in ECC,and intraoperative cervical length in ECC are related to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes after vaginal ECC in CI pregnant women during the second trimester.The construction of a nomogram model in this study is helpful for early screening of CI pregnant women at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes after transvaginal ECC.

表1 中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后不良妊娠结局影响因素的单因素分析
组别 例数 年龄(岁,xˉ±s 中孕期BMI(kg/m2xˉ±s 文化程度[例数(%)] 阴道炎史[例数(%)] 宫颈炎史[例数(%)] 流产史[例数(%)]
初中及以下 高中及以上 早孕期 中孕期
研究组 95 30.3±6.2 26.1±3.5 34(35.8) 61(64.2) 9(9.5) 11(11.6) 16(16.8) 72(77.4)
对照组 113 30.5±4.1 25.9±3.3 43(38.1) 70(61.9) 15(13.3) 21(18.6) 33(29.2) 45(39.8)
统计量 t=0.28 t=0.42 χ2=0.11 χ2=0.73 χ2=1.95 χ2=4.38 χ2=29.39
P 0.781 0.672 0.736 0.393 0.163 0.036 <0.001
组别 例数 宫颈手术史[例数(%)] 经产妇[例数(%)] 单胎妊娠[例数(%)] 术前生殖道感染史[例数(%)] ECC时孕龄[例数(%)] 本次ECC中使用球囊辅助[例数(%)] 本次ECC中宫口扩张直径(cm,xˉ±s
<24孕周 ≥24孕周
研究组 95 38(40.0) 68(71.6) 81(85.3) 55(57.9) 65(68.4) 30(31.6) 35(36.8) 1.2±0.2
对照组 113 32(28.3) 36(31.9) 75(66.4) 62(54.9) 72(63.7) 41(36.3) 43(38.1) 1.0±0.1
统计量 χ2=3.15 χ2=32.57 χ2=9.82 χ2=0.19 χ2=0.51 χ2=0.03 t=6.99
P 0.076 <0.001 0.002 0.661 0.476 0.857 <0.001
组别 例数 本次ECC中宫颈长度(cm,xˉ±s 新生儿出生体重(g,xˉ±s 分娩并发症[例数(%)]
胎膜早破 前置胎盘 绒毛膜羊膜炎 产后出血 胎儿窘迫 宫颈裂伤
研究组 95 1.0±0.2 2 952.2±189.5 12(12.6) 1(1.1) 5(5.3) 2(2.1) 2(2.1) 2(2.1)
对照组 113 1.1±0.2 2 910.1±173.1 20(17.7) 3(2.7) 8(7.1) 4(3.5) 5(4.4) 6(5.3)
统计量 t=3.59 t=1.67 χ2=1.02 χ2=0.70 χ2=0.29 χ2=0.38 χ2=0.85 χ2=1.43
P <0.001 0.096 0.313 0.627 0.590 0.690 0.458 0.295
表2 中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后不良妊娠结局影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
图1 预测中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后不良妊娠结局风险的列线图模型 注:CI为宫颈功能不全,ECC为紧急宫颈环扎术
图2 预测中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后不良妊娠结局列线图模型的校准曲线图 注:CI为宫颈功能不全,ECC为紧急宫颈环扎术
图3 列线图模型预测中孕期CI孕妇经阴道ECC后发生不良妊娠结局的ROC曲线 注:CI为宫颈功能不全,ECC 为紧急宫颈环扎术,ROC 曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
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