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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (05) : 549 -555. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2024.05.011

产科前沿专辑

胎膜早破孕妇胎盘与胎膜菌群丰度的高通量测序研究
何霞1, 黄蓉1, 祁文瑾1,()   
  1. 1.昆明医科大学第一附属医院产科,昆明 650032
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-09-17 出版日期:2024-10-01
  • 通信作者: 祁文瑾
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82260302)云南省医疗卫生单位内设研究机构科研项目(2018NS0141)

High-throughput sequencing study on the abundance of placenta and fetal membrane flora in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes

Xia He1, Rong Huang1, Wenjin Qi1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Obstetrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650032,Yunnan Province,China
  • Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-09-17 Published:2024-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Wenjin Qi
引用本文:

何霞, 黄蓉, 祁文瑾. 胎膜早破孕妇胎盘与胎膜菌群丰度的高通量测序研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(05): 549-555.

Xia He, Rong Huang, Wenjin Qi. High-throughput sequencing study on the abundance of placenta and fetal membrane flora in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2024, 20(05): 549-555.

目的

探讨胎膜早破(PROM)孕妇及正常孕妇胎盘与胎膜菌群丰度的高通量测序结果及其差异。

方法

选择2019年1月至2020年2月于昆明医科大学第一附属医院产科分娩的15例孕妇为研究对象。根据其是否发生PROM 及其发生PROM 时孕龄,将其分别纳入未足月PROM(PPROM)组(n=5,PPROM 孕妇),足月PROM(TPROM)组(n=6,TPROM 孕妇)与对照组(n=4,未发生PROM 孕妇)。3组孕妇均于胎盘娩出后,立即采集胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本各1份,提取胎盘、胎膜组织中菌群DNA,对其16S 核糖体RNA(rRNA)基因的高可变区(V3、V4区)进行高通量测序,并对3组孕妇胎盘、胎膜组织样本中菌群类别、构成进行分析。采用Metastats软件,对PPROM 组与对照组、TPROM 组与对照组、PPROM 组与TPROM 组胎盘与胎膜组织细菌菌属相对丰度进行非参数T 检验。3组孕妇分娩时年龄及体重等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究遵循的程序符合2013 年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。

结果

①3组孕妇分娩孕龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F=18.65,P<0.001)。②门水平,3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中相对丰度>0.1%的菌门,均为7种:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)、梭杆菌(Fusobacteria)。③属水平,3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中相对丰度>0.1%的菌属,均为6种:未分类菌属(uncultured bacterium)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、链杆菌属(Catenibacterium)、密螺旋体属(Treponema)。④对3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本属水平菌群差异性分析结果显示,PPROM 组、TPROM 组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中梭菌属、链球菌属、未分类菌属、密螺旋体属相对丰度,均显著高于对照组,而PPROM 组、TPROM组链杆菌属相对丰度则显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。

结论

正常孕妇及PPROM 与TPROM 孕妇胎盘、胎膜并非无菌,其胎盘、胎膜菌群分布具有多样性;与正常孕妇相比,PROM 孕妇胎盘、胎膜菌群多样性一致,但是部分菌群丰度有明显差异。

Objective

To investigate the results of high-throughput sequencing of placenta and membrane flora abundance in premature rupture of membranes (PROM)and normal pregnant women,and to analyze the differences.

Methods

Fifteen pregnant women who gave birth in the Department of Obstetrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to February 2020 were selected as study subjects.According to whether PROM occurred or not and their gestational age at the time of PROM occurrence,they were included into preterm PROM(PPROM)group(n=5,PPROM pregnant women),term PROM (TPROM)group(n=6,TPROM pregnant women)and control group(n=4,pregnant women without PROM).Immediately after placenta delivery,one sample of tissue from fetal face and maternal face placenta and fetal membrane was collected from pregnant women in three groups.The flora DNA in placenta and fetal membrane tissues was extracted,and the high variable region V3-V4 of 16S ribosomal RNA(r RNA)gene was sequenced with high throughput,and the flora structure of phylum and genus in the placenta and fetal membrane tissue samples of pregnant women in three groups was analyzed.Metastats software was used to compare the relative abundance of bacteria in placenta and fetal membranes tissues in PPROM group and control group,TPROM group and control group,PPROM group and TPROM group by parameter T test.There were no significant differences in the general clinical data such as age and weight of pregnant women during delivery among three groups (P >0.05).The procedure followed in this study met the requirements of the WorldMedicalAssociationDeclaration ofHelsinki revised in 2013.

Results

①The difference in gestational age of pregnant women among three groups was statistically significant(F=18.65,P<0.001).②At the phylum level,there were 7 phyla with relative abundance>0.1%in the placental and fetal membrane tissue samples of pregnant women in three groups:FirmicutesBacteroidetesSpirochaetesProteobacteriaActinobacteriaCyanobacteria,and Fusobacteria.③At the genus level,there were 6 species of bacteria with relative abundance>0.1%in the placental and fetal membrane tissue samples of pregnant women in three groups:uncultured bacterium,LactobacillusClostridiumStreptococcusCatenibacteriumTreponema.④The difference analysis of genus level bacterial flora in placenta and fetal membrane tissue samples of pregnant women in three groups showed that the relative abundance of ClostridiumStreptococcus,unclassified bacteria and Treponema in placenta and fetal membrane tissue samples of pregnant women in PPROM and TPROM groups were significantly higher than those in control group,while the relative abundance of Streptobacillus in PPROM and TPROM groups were significantly lower than that in control group,and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The placenta and fetal membranes of normal pregnant women and PPROM and TPROM pregnant women are not sterile,and the distribution of placenta and fetal membrane flora among them is diverse.Compared with normal pregnant women,the diversity of placenta and fetal membrane flora of PROM pregnant women is consistent,but the abundance of some flora is obviously different.

表1 3组孕妇一般临床资料比较(¯x±s
图1 3组孕妇胎膜、胎儿面与母体面胎盘组织样本菌群OTU 数量柱状图 注:横坐标中,PP表示PPROM 组孕妇,TP表示TPROM 组孕妇,N 表示对照组孕妇;1~6表示每组患者编号,A~C分别表示胎膜、胎儿面胎盘、母体面胎盘组织样本;Total表示3组孕妇胎膜与胎儿面及母体面胎盘组织样本。OTU 数量是根据菌群高通量测序DNA 序列相似度>97%定义为1个OTU 进行计算的。OTU 为操作分类单元,PPROM 为未足月胎膜早破,TPROM 为足月胎膜早破
表2 3组孕妇胎膜、胎儿面与母体面胎盘组织样本中菌群OTU 数量比较(个,¯x±s
图2 3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中各类菌门相对丰度柱状图 注:横坐标中,PP表示PPROM 组孕妇,TP表示TPROM 组孕妇,N 表示对照组孕期未发生PROM 孕妇;1~6表示每组患者编号,A~C分别表示胎膜、胎儿面胎盘、母体面胎盘组织样本。Firmicutes 为厚壁菌门,Bacteroidetes 为拟杆菌门,Spirochaetes 为螺旋菌门,Proteobacteria 为变形菌门,Actinobacteria 为放线菌门,Cyanobacteria 为蓝藻菌门,Fusobacteria 为梭杆菌门,Tenericutes 为软壁菌门,Verrucomicrobia 为疣微菌门,others指其他菌门。PPROM 为未足月胎膜早破,TPROM 为足月胎膜早破,PROM 为胎膜早破
表3 3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中各类菌门平均相对丰度比较(%)
图3 3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中菌属相对丰度的柱状图 注:横坐标中,PP表示PPROM 组孕妇,TP表示TPROM 组孕妇,N 表示对照组孕期未发生PROM 孕妇;1~6表示每组患者编号,A~C分别表示胎膜、胎儿面胎盘、母体面胎盘组织样本。uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae 为其他未分类菌属,Lactobacillus 为乳酸菌属,Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 为梭菌属,Streptococcus 为链球菌属,Catenibacterium 为链杆菌属,Terrisporobacter 为土孢杆菌属,Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group 为毛足灰蝶属,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 为疣微菌UCG-002Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 为疣微菌UCG-014Treponema_2 为密螺旋体属,others为其他菌属。PPROM 为未足月胎膜早破,TPROM 为足月胎膜早破,PROM 为胎膜早破
表4 3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中细菌菌属平均相对丰度比较(%)
表5 3组孕妇胎儿面与母体面胎盘及胎膜组织样本中菌属差异性比较(%,¯x±s
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