探讨孕妇孕期体重增长情况及其相关影响因素。

选择2014年10月至2015年10月，在江苏省扬州市苏北人民医院产科分娩的孕妇中，采用方便抽样法选取的458例孕妇为研究对象。采用本研究自行设计的调查问卷《孕期体重增长情况调查表》，对孕妇孕期体重增长情况进行调查。对孕前体重过低、正常体重、超重及肥胖孕妇孕期体重增长情况进行统计学比较，并采用多重线性回归分析法，对孕妇孕期体重增长的影响因素进行分析。

①458例孕妇孕期平均体重增长(15.6±4.5) kg，孕期体重增长过多(EGWG)发生率为41.5%(190/458)；孕前体重过低、正常体重、超重及肥胖孕妇的分娩孕龄及孕期体重增长值比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但这4种不同孕前人体质量指数(BMI)孕妇孕期体重增长情况构成比比较，差异却有统计学意义(χ²＝ 61.436，P<0.001)，孕前体重过低及正常体重孕妇，孕期以符合体重增长为主(分别占53.3%及54.2%)，而孕前超重及肥胖孕妇，孕期则以EGWG为主(分别占72.2%及83.3%)。②孕妇孕期体重增长影响因素的多重线性回归分析结果显示：对孕期体重增长值的影响由大到小依次为孕次、孕前BMI、产次、家庭月收入、居住地、学历及年龄；随孕妇居住地在城市、孕次增加及年龄增大，孕期体重增长值越大；而随学历、家庭月收入、孕前BMI及产次增高或增加，孕期体重增长值越小(均为P<0.001)。包含这7个因素的多重线性回归模型的决定系数R²＝0.909，建立的回归模型具有统计学意义(F＝7 582，P<0.001)。

孕妇孕期体重增长受孕次、孕前BMI、产次、家庭月收入、居住地、学历及年龄影响。

To investigate the weight gain of pregnant women and its influencing factors.

A total of 458 pregnant women who gave birth in the Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital from October 2014 to October 2015, were selected as the study subjects by convenient sampling method. Pregnancy Weight Gain Questionnaire which was self-designed was used in this study to investigate the weight gain during pregnancy. The weight gain differences of the pregnant women with underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity before pregnancy were statistically compared. The influencing factors of the weight gain during pregnancy were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.

①The average weight gain of 458 pregnant women was (15.6± 4.5) kg and the rate of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) was 41.5% (190/458). There were no significant differences among pregnant women with underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity before pregnancy in gestational age at birth and weight gain during pregnancy (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences of constituent ratios of the weight gain during pregnancy among the four different body mass index (BMI) pregnant women (χ²=61.436, P<0.001). The pregnant women with underweight and normal weight before pregnancy had the majority of weight gain during pregnancy in line with standard weight gain during pregnancy (53.3% and 54.2%, respectively), but the pregnant women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy most were EGWG (72.2% and 83.3%, respectively). ②Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors of weight gain during pregnancy showed that the effects of influencing factors on weight gain during pregnancy from large to small in order were gravidity, BMI before pregnancy, parity, family monthly income, living place, education and age. With the pregnant women living in the city, increased gravidity and age, the weight gain during pregnancy were greater, while with the educational history, family monthly income, BIM before pregnancy and parity increased, the weight gain during pregnancy were smaller(P<0.001). The coefficient of determination R² was 0.909 for the multiple linear regression model which containing these seven factors, and the established regression model was statistically significant(F=7 582, P<0.001).

Weight gain of pregnant women during pregnancy was affected by gravidity, BMI before pregnancy, parity, family monthly income, living place, education and age.