Chinese Medical E-ournals Database

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (04): 435 -443. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.04.009

Original Article

Majeed syndrome: a case report and literature review

Linna Zeng, Ning Qu, Hongtao Zhu()   

  1. Department of Pediatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-08-03 Revised:2025-07-10 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Hongtao Zhu
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01C466)
Objective

To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic variation features of children with Majeed syndrome (MS).

Methods

One child with MS (patient 1) diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in July 2022 was selected as the study subject. A retrospective analysis of her clinical case data was conducted. Relevant research literature on MS patients in domestic and international databases was retrieved, and the clinical features, genetic characteristics, and treatment outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Patient 1 and her guardians were informed consent for the diagnosis and treatment.

Results

① Patient 1 was a 14.7-year-old female with a history of recurrent multi-joint pain for over 12 years, accompanied by growth retardation, short stature (height 129 cm), and occasional fever. Laboratory findings indicated low red blood cell count and hemoglobin (Hb) level, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated interleukin (IL)-6 levels. MRI of bilateral sacroiliac joints and knees showed inflammatory changes in the metaphyses of the large joints of the lower limbs. Patient 1 was initially diagnosed as "systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to be ruled out", and was treated with glucocorticoids, later adjusted to glucocorticoids + methotrexate / methotrexate + adalimumab, all with poor efficacy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of patient 1 revealed a homozygous mutation in the LPIN2 gene [Exon20 c. 2585C>G (p.Pro862Arg)], and confirming the diagnosis of MS. Based on repeated cytokine tests showing high IL-6 levels, the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab was administered. After 6 months of follow-up, her joint pain significantly improved, and her height at the last follow-up was 140.0 cm. ② Literature review results: a total of 16 relevant research articles on MS patients were retrieved globally, including patient 1, encompassing 40 MS patients for analysis. Among them, 3 were adults and 37 were children; the ratio of males to females was 23∶13, with 4 cases of unknown gender; all cases were reported from 7 countries, mainly concentrated in Asia. Among the 30 cases reporting parental consanguinity, 23 had consanguineous parents, including 1 case from China (patient 1) and 22 cases (73.3%, 22/30) from other countries. The top four clinical manifestations of 40 patients were congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) accounted for 97.5% (39/40), chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) accounted for 95.0% (38/40), recurrent fever accounted for 67.5% (27/40), and growth retardation accounted for 62.5% (25/40). At least 24 pathogenic LPIN2 gene mutations were identified. Biologics, such as IL-1 inhibitors, showed good efficacy.

Conclusions

MS is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Early genetic testing helps confirm the diagnosis of MS, reduce misdiagnosis, and enable timely personalized treatment to mitigate the impact on the child′s growth velocity and skeletal development.

图1 患儿1(女,15.75岁)及其母亲(39岁)Sanger法测序结果[图1A:LPIN2基因c.2585C>G(p.Pro862Arg)突变,患儿1为纯合突变,其母亲为杂合突变(红色箭头所示);图1B:HOXD10基因c.886C>T(p.Arg296Cys)突变,患儿1及其母亲均为杂合突变(红色箭头所示)]注:患儿1为Majeed综合征患儿
表1 本研究40例MS患者一般临床资料、临床表现、治疗及疗效比较
患儿/者编号(No.) 第1作者,文献发表年 病例报道国家 性别 父母近亲结婚 发病年龄,诊断年龄(岁) 临床表现 主要治疗药物及疗效
1 本研究 中国 5.00,15.75 ①+②+③+⑥+⑦ 未明确诊断前,秋水仙碱、醋酸泼尼松片、甲氨蝶呤片、阿达木单抗及NSAID治疗,患儿未遵医嘱,疗效差;明确诊断后,托珠单抗疗效良好
2 欧榕琼[2],2019 中国 0.40,0.70 ①+②+③+⑥ NSAID治疗无效,对托珠单抗部分敏感;阿那白滞素疗效良好
3 江园燕[3],2023 中国 4.90,5.40 ①+②+③+④+⑥ 皮质醇及托法替布治疗无效;卡那单抗疗效良好
4 江园燕[3],2023 中国 2.00,4.60 ①+②+③+④+⑥ 对皮质醇、NSAID、益赛普及DMARD部分敏感;托法替布治疗无效;卡那单抗疗效良好
5 孙丽伟[4],2021 中国 0.70,3.80 ①+②+③+⑥+⑩ 皮质醇及NSAID治疗无效;阿那白滞素用药时间尚短,疗效待观察
6 武菲[5],2022 中国 2.00,5.08 ①+③+④+⑥+⑦ 萘普生联合雷公藤治疗无效;萘普生、皮质醇联合甲氨蝶呤治疗有效
7 张彩慧[6],2022 中国 0.50,4.17 ①+②+③+⑥ 阿那白滞素治疗无效
8 张彩慧[6],2022 中国 0.17,1.25 ①+②+③+⑥ 依那西普治疗有效
9 Liu[7],2019 中国 0.50,0.67 ②+③+⑧ 无具体治疗方案描述,但强调未采用IL-1抑制剂治疗
10 Moussa[8],2017 阿拉伯国家 0.50,5.00 ①+③ 萘普生治疗有效
11 Moussa[8],2017 阿拉伯国家 4.00,14.00 ①+③+⑫ 萘普生部分有效;卡那单抗对①、③有效
12 Al-Mosawi[9],2007 阿拉伯国家 0.08,3.00 ①+②+③+⑦+⑪ 萘普生治疗无效;皮质醇治疗有效
13 Al Mosawi[10],2019 阿拉伯国家 1.00,1.92 ①+②+③ NSAID、铁剂联合萘普生治疗部分缓解;皮质醇联合依那西普部分缓解;卡那单抗疗效良好
14 Al Mosawi[10],2019 阿拉伯国家 1.25,1.42 ①+②+③ 萘普生联合铁剂部分缓解,皮质醇联合依那西普部分缓解;卡那单抗疗效显著
15 Herlin[11],2013 土耳其 0.50,2.80 ①+③ 皮质醇联合依那西普患儿病情反复,阿那白滞素疗效显著,停药后复发;卡那单抗疗效显著,但对③无效
16 Herlin[11],2013 土耳其 0.25,1.10 ①+②+③ 皮质醇联合依那西普患儿病情反复,阿那白滞素疗效显著;卡那单抗疗效显著,但对③无效
17 Kasap Cuceoglu[12],2022 土耳其 1.50,7.00 ①+③+⑧ 秋水仙碱无效;阿那白滞素有效,但对⑧为缓解
18 Kasap Cuceoglu[12],2022 土耳其 1.00,1.50 ①+③+⑧ 阿那白滞素有效,但⑧未缓解
19 Ferguson[13],2005 约旦 ①+②+③+④+⑤+⑥
20 Ferguson[13],2005 约旦 ①+②+③+④+⑤+⑥
21 Ferguson[13],2005 约旦 ①+②+③+④+⑤+⑥
22 Ferguson[13],2005 约旦 ①+②+③+④+⑤+⑥
23 Ferguson[13],2005 约旦 ①+②+③+④+⑥
24 Ferguson[13],2005 约旦 —,2.50 ①+②+③+④+⑥
25 Badiger[14],2023 印度 4.00,11.00 ①+②+③+⑦ 萘普生治疗无效
26 Badiger[14],2023 印度 1.00,6.00 ①+②+③+④+⑥ 萘普生和帕米膦酸盐治疗无效,加用托法替尼效果不详
27 Rao[15],2018 印度 8.00,11.00 ①+③+⑥ NSAID和甲氨蝶呤对①有效,对③无效
28 Rao[15],2018 印度 2.00,15.00 ①+③+⑥+⑦ NSAID、帕米膦酸联合甲氨蝶呤治疗后部分缓解,联合间断性使用依那西普治疗,可控制病情(每年2次,1次/7 d)
29 Chavan[16],2021 印度 0.08,3.00 ①+②+③+④+⑥+⑨+⑬ 双膦酸盐、萘普生联合甲氨蝶呤治疗对①、④部分缓解
30 Chavan[16],2021 印度 0.08,11.50 ①+②+③+⑥+⑦+⑨ 双膦酸盐、双氯芬酸有效
31 Chavan[16],2021 印度 0.67,13.83 ①+③+⑥+⑭ 口服泼尼松龙、双膦酸盐、甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤、柳氮黄嘧啶治疗后,病情加重
32 Chavan[16],2021 印度 0.67,12.83 ①+③+④+⑥+⑨ 双膦酸盐、萘普生治疗有效
33 Chavan[16],2021 印度 0.17,14.33 ①+②+③+⑥+⑨+⑮ 口服泼尼松龙、双膦酸盐、甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤、柳氮黄嘧啶、依那西普及阿达木单抗治疗后,病情加重
34 Roy[17],2020 巴基斯坦 0.08,— ①+②+③+⑥+⑨ NSAID及皮质醇治疗病情反复;双膦酸盐治疗症状部分缓解;阿那白滞素疗效显著
35 Roy[17],2020 巴基斯坦 ①+②+③+⑥+⑨ 阿那白滞素疗效显著
36 Roy[17],2020 巴基斯坦 ①+②+③+⑥+⑨ 阿那白滞素疗效显著
37 Roy[17],2020 巴基斯坦 ①+③ NSAID治疗有效
38 Roy[17],2020 巴基斯坦 ①+③ NSAID治疗有效
39 Roy[17],2020 巴基斯坦 症状轻微,未治疗
40 Yazır[18],2024 叙利亚 30.00,35.00 ①+②+③+④+⑦+⑮ NSAID治疗无效,阿那白滞素疗效显著
表2 本研究MS患者LPIN2基因24种致病突变比较
[1]
Ferguson PJ, El-Shanti H. Majeed syndrome: a review of the clinical, genetic and immunologic features[J]. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(3): 367. DOI: 10.3390/biom11030367.
[2]
欧榕琼,李莎,周小琳,等. Majeed综合征的临床诊治及文献复习[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志2019, 34(19): 1500-1502. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2019.19.015.
[3]
江园燕,李一帆,龚一女,等. LPIN2基因突变致Majeed综合征2例1家系病例报告[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志2023, 18(1): 81-84. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2023.01.015.
[4]
孙丽伟,张萍丽,宋阳,等. 一例Majeed综合征患儿的临床及遗传学分析[J]. 中华医学遗传学杂志2021, 38(8): 775-778. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20200612-00432.
[5]
武菲,张英谦. LPIN2基因突变致Majeed综合征1例[J]. 中国优生与遗传杂志2022, 30(9): 1653-1655.
[6]
张彩慧,马明圣,王薇,等. 非炎症小体病49例临床分析[J]. 中华儿科杂志2022, 60(12): 1266-1270. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220620-00570.
[7]
Liu J, Hu XY, Zhao ZP, et al. Compound heterozygous LPIN2 pathogenic variants in a patient with Majeed syndrome with recurrent fever and severe neutropenia: case report[J]. BMC Med Genet, 2019, 20(1): 182. DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0919-3.
[8]
Moussa T, Bhat V, Kini V, et al. Clinical and genetic association, radiological findings and response to biological therapy in seven children from Qatar with non-bacterial osteomyelitis[J]. Int J Rheum Dis, 2017, 20(9): 1286-1296. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12940.
[9]
Al-Mosawi ZS, Al-Saad KK, Ijadi-Maghsoodi R, et al. A splice site mutation confirms the role of LPIN2 in Majeed syndrome[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2007, 56(3): 960-964. DOI: 10.1002/art.22431.
[10]
Al Mosawi Z, Madan W, Al Moosawi B, et al. Dramatic response of familial majeed syndrome to interleukin-1 antagonist therapy: case report[J]. Arch Rheumatol, 2019, 34(3): 352-356. DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2019.7267.
[11]
Herlin T, Fiirgaard B, Bjerre M, et al. Efficacy of anti-IL-1 treatment in Majeed syndrome[J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013, 72(3): 410-413. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201818.
[12]
Kasap Cuceoglu M, Deniz Batu E, Elcin Yildiz A, et al. Two siblings with Majeed syndrome and neutropenia[J]. Arch Rheumatol, 2022, 37(4): 638-640. DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2022.9437.
[13]
Ferguson PJ, Chen S, Tayeh MK, et al.. Homozygous mutations in LPIN2 are responsible for the syndrome of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (Majeed syndrome)[J]. J Med Genet, 2005, 42(7): 551-557. DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.030759.
[14]
Badiger VA, Balan S, Madan S, et al. LPIN2-related Majeed syndrome: report of two Indian patients with novel variants in LPIN2 and review of literature[J]. Clin Dysmorphol, 2024, 33(1): 27-30. DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000476.
[15]
Rao AP, Mallya PP, Ranjani S, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis - a case series from India[J]. Indian J Orthop, 2018, 52(6): 672-677. DOI: 10.4103/ortho.ijortho_464_17.
[16]
Chavan PP, Aksentijevich I, Daftary A, et al. Majeed syndrome: five cases with novel mutations from unrelated families in India with a review of literature[J]. J Rheumatol, 2021, 48(12): 1850-1855. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201663.
[17]
Roy NBA, Zaal AI, Hall G, et al. Majeed syndrome: description of a novel mutation and therapeutic response to bisphosphonates and IL-1 blockade with anakinra[J]. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2020, 59(2): 448-451. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez317.
[18]
Güleç Yazır M, Durak Ediboǧlu E, Kabadayı G, et al. IL-1 blocking experience in a case with Majeed syndrome diagnosed in adulthood[J]. Z Für Rheumatol, 2024, 83(2): 139-141. DOI: 10.1007/s00393-023-01465-9.
[19]
Majeed HA, Kalaawi M, Mohanty D, et al. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in three related children and the association with Sweet syndrome in two siblings[J]. J Pediatr, 1989, 115(5 Pt 1): 730-734. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80650-x.
[1] Qingqing Liu, Jin Yu, Weize Xu, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaohua Pan, Qiang Shu, Jingjing Ye. Value of OBICnet image classification model in ultrasound screening for congenital heart disease in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(08): 754-760.
[2] Junqing Zhang, Mi Zhou, Wenjun Zhang, Jing Tan, Lixue Yin. Ultrasound characteristics and correlation of liver hardness and left ventricular function in patients with liver cirrhosis with preserved ejection fraction[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(08): 768-776.
[3] Fang Liu, Zhan Zhang, Hui Liu, Ling Fang, Aizhen Wang, Doudou Ding, Miao Cui, Bailing Liu, Jie Wang. Echocardiographic characteristics and outcomes of primary cardiac tumors in children: a singlecentre retrospective study[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(05): 470-476.
[4] Xiuzhen Yang, Li Li, Zheming Xu, Jingjing Wang, Jingjing Ye. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography-based assessment of intrarenal reflux: spatial correlation of intrarenal reflux with DMSA scintigraphy findings[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(04): 348-353.
[5] Chunnuo He, Zhimin Tian, Haoqiang Zhang, Huanxi Li, Kaipeng Zhuang, Yongjie Qiao, Shenghu Zhou, Ping Zhen. Salter pelvic osteotomy combined with proximal femoral osteotomy in treatment of children hip dysplasia[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 391-401.
[6] Sai Liu, Yi Liao, Fenglin Jia, Xuesheng Li, Xinmao Ma, Pei Li, Gang Ning, Haibo Qu. Quantitative evaluation of brain development in children using MRI magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequences[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(04): 411-419.
[7] Bing Du, Yinmei Sun, Xiaole Wu, Chengjing Shan, Dandan Wang. Clinical efficacy of different doses of esketamine combined with caudal block in pediatric hypospadias surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(04): 420-428.
[8] Zhenghong Xiang, Chunxiao Shi, Chunmei He, Xiqing Wang, Lei He. Clinical value of whole blood viscoelasticity coagulation function monitoring technique in detection of coagulation function in children with Kawasaki disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(03): 337-343.
[9] Professional Committee of Child Allergology, Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Working Group of Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Skin Wound (2025 version). Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of pediatric skin wound (2025 version)[J]. Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition), 2025, 20(05): 374-383.
[10] Xue Zhang, Zhengchao Chen, Yichen Li, Hui He, Kaibo Liu. Analysis on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission in 10 250 children exposed to hepatitis B virus vertical transmission[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 157-164.
[11] Reheman Rexiati·, Kakaer Aerziguli·, Abudureheman Ayimunisa·, Ataola Abulimiti·, Abulikemu Kuerbanjiang·, Wusiman Sulitan·, Xin An, Batuer Jiasuer·. Safety and perioperative management of circumcision in children with hemophilia A[J]. Chinese Journal of Endourology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 436-440.
[12] Jing Gao, Lin Zhang, Xin Shen. Predictive value of AIMS 65 score, Child-Pugh score and MELD score combined with coagulation indices for acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with cirrhosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Digestion and Medical Imageology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(04): 352-358.
[13] Tongtong Jiang, Ping Rong, Rong Ma, Qianfang Fu, Yatong Zhang, Shuyi Zhao, Hui Liu, Rong Ma, Yue LI, Ruiben Li. Clinical characteristics of children with tic disorder complicated by respiratory tract infections and risk factors for tic symptom aggravation[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 426-432.
[14] Wenfeng Zhao, Jianye Jia, Yi Zhang, Ming Xia, Yang Dong, Conghui Han, Sitong Jin, Jianbo Li, Zhigang Jia, Pengfei Liu, Changbao Xu, Yue Cheng. Current status of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for managing upper urinary tract calculi in pediatric patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 243-247.
[15] Junyu Zhai, Yuan Cheng, Weiwei Qi. Observation on the application effect of the modified buried vertical mattress suture in pediatric facial trauma[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 13(03): 188-192.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract