Pregnancy induces significantly physiological changes in multiple organs and systems, especially in circulatory, hematologic and metabolic systems. They are characterized by hypervolemia, hyperdynamic circulation and high oxygen consumption. The increase of total blood volume and fluid retention could improve compensatory adaptation to obstetric hemorrhage of pregnant women. However, anemia in pregnancy, acute massive bleeding and high consumption of oxygen in tissue metabolism limit this compensatory adaptation to hemorrhage during pregnancy. Obstetric hemorrhage is still one of the major causes of maternal mortality. Efficient and reasonable patient blood management (PBM) in obstetrics is key to improve pregnancy outcomes of obstetric hemorrhage. PBM in obstetrics applies evidence-based medical concepts to maintain patient′s own blood volume, minimise blood loss, and optimise patient′s physiological tolerance to anemia. PBM in obstetrics needs a multidisciplinary team. Pregnant women should be managed with the three key elements of PBM during antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum period. ① Making every reasonable endeavour to optimise the patient′s own blood volume and red blood cell mass. ② Minimising patient′s blood loss. ③ Optimising and utilizing the patient′s physiological tolerance of anemia. In this article, with the combination of clinical practice of obstetrics in China, we intend to interpret and discuss key issues related to PBM in obstetrics in Patient Blood Management in Obstetrics: Network for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management, Haemostasis and Thrombosis (NATA) Consensus Statement from the aspects of PBM related physiology of pregnancy, PBM of anemia in pregnancy, obstetric hemorrhage and restrictive transfusion strategies, PBM in postpartum anemia, PBM of blood transfusion in RhD negative patients, and the risk of blood transfusion in obstetrics.