Weight gain of pregnant women and its influencing factors

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2017.03.013

Objective

To investigate the weight gain of pregnant women and its influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 458 pregnant women who gave birth in the Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital from October 2014 to October 2015, were selected as the study subjects by convenient sampling method. Pregnancy Weight Gain Questionnaire which was self-designed was used in this study to investigate the weight gain during pregnancy. The weight gain differences of the pregnant women with underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity before pregnancy were statistically compared. The influencing factors of the weight gain during pregnancy were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

①The average weight gain of 458 pregnant women was (15.6± 4.5) kg and the rate of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) was 41.5% (190/458). There were no significant differences among pregnant women with underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity before pregnancy in gestational age at birth and weight gain during pregnancy (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences of constituent ratios of the weight gain during pregnancy among the four different body mass index (BMI) pregnant women (χ²=61.436, P<0.001). The pregnant women with underweight and normal weight before pregnancy had the majority of weight gain during pregnancy in line with standard weight gain during pregnancy (53.3% and 54.2%, respectively), but the pregnant women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy most were EGWG (72.2% and 83.3%, respectively). ②Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors of weight gain during pregnancy showed that the effects of influencing factors on weight gain during pregnancy from large to small in order were gravidity, BMI before pregnancy, parity, family monthly income, living place, education and age. With the pregnant women living in the city, increased gravidity and age, the weight gain during pregnancy were greater, while with the educational history, family monthly income, BIM before pregnancy and parity increased, the weight gain during pregnancy were smaller(P<0.001). The coefficient of determination R² was 0.909 for the multiple linear regression model which containing these seven factors, and the established regression model was statistically significant(F=7 582, P<0.001).

Conclusions

Weight gain of pregnant women during pregnancy was affected by gravidity, BMI before pregnancy, parity, family monthly income, living place, education and age.

Key words: Peripartum period, Weight gain, Risk factors, Pregnant women

表1 不同孕前BMI孕妇分娩孕龄及孕期体重增长情况

孕前BMI	例数	分娩孕龄(周，±s)	孕期体重增长值(kg，±s)	孕期体重增长情况构成比[例数(%)]
孕前BMI	例数	分娩孕龄(周，±s)	孕期体重增长值(kg，±s)	低于体重增长	符合体重增长	超出体重增长
体重过低	60	40.2±1.6	15.0±3.3	16(26.7)	32(53.3)	12(20.0)
正常体重	314	38.7±1.6	15.8±4.2	28(8.9)	170(54.2)	116(36.9)
超重	72	39.4±1.6	15.0±6.0	4(5.6)	16(22.2)	52(72.2)
肥胖	12	39.9±1.6	16.8±5.2	0(0)	2(16.7)	10(83.3)
检验值	?	F＝0.895	F＝0.619	χ²＝61.436
P值	?	0.451	0.603	<0.001

表1 不同孕前BMI孕妇分娩孕龄及孕期体重增长情况

孕前BMI	例数	分娩孕龄(周，±s)	孕期体重增长值(kg，±s)	孕期体重增长情况构成比[例数(%)]
孕前BMI	例数	分娩孕龄(周，±s)	孕期体重增长值(kg，±s)	低于体重增长	符合体重增长	超出体重增长
体重过低	60	40.2±1.6	15.0±3.3	16(26.7)	32(53.3)	12(20.0)
正常体重	314	38.7±1.6	15.8±4.2	28(8.9)	170(54.2)	116(36.9)
超重	72	39.4±1.6	15.0±6.0	4(5.6)	16(22.2)	52(72.2)
肥胖	12	39.9±1.6	16.8±5.2	0(0)	2(16.7)	10(83.3)
检验值	?	F＝0.895	F＝0.619	χ²＝61.436
P值	?	0.451	0.603	<0.001

表2 孕期体重增长影响因素的多重线性回归分析的变量含义及赋值情况

自变量/因变量	变量名	赋值
孕期体重增长	y	y表示孕期体重增长值
居住地	x₁	x₁＝1表示农村，x₁＝2表示城市
学历	x₂	x₂＝1表示小学及以下，x₂＝2表示中专或高中，x₂＝3表示大专及本科，x₂＝4表示硕士及以上
孕次	x₃	按照实际孕次填写
年龄	x₄	按照实际年龄填写
家庭月收入	x₅	x₅＝1表示<3 000元，x₅＝2表示≥3 000～5 000元，x₅＝3表示≥5 000～<10 000元，x₅＝4表示≥10 000～30 000元，x₅＝5表示≥30 000元
孕前BMI	x₆	按照实际孕前BMI填写
产次	x₇	按照实际产次填写

表2 孕期体重增长影响因素的多重线性回归分析的变量含义及赋值情况

自变量/因变量	变量名	赋值
孕期体重增长	y	y表示孕期体重增长值
居住地	x₁	x₁＝1表示农村，x₁＝2表示城市
学历	x₂	x₂＝1表示小学及以下，x₂＝2表示中专或高中，x₂＝3表示大专及本科，x₂＝4表示硕士及以上
孕次	x₃	按照实际孕次填写
年龄	x₄	按照实际年龄填写
家庭月收入	x₅	x₅＝1表示<3 000元，x₅＝2表示≥3 000～5 000元，x₅＝3表示≥5 000～<10 000元，x₅＝4表示≥10 000～30 000元，x₅＝5表示≥30 000元
孕前BMI	x₆	按照实际孕前BMI填写
产次	x₇	按照实际产次填写

表3 孕期体重增长影响因素的多重线性回归分析结果

变量	偏回归系数	偏回归系数标准误	标准化偏回归系数	t值	P值
常数项	378.041	4.975	－^a	75.994	<0.001
居住地	9.146	0.131	0.884	69.701	<0.001
学历	－7.517	0.112	－0.794	－67.366	<0.001
孕次	21.903	0.269	2.337	81.338	<0.001
年龄	0.877	0.025	0.585	34.622	<0.001
家庭月收入	－8.527	0.094	－1.077	－90.897	<0.001
孕前BMI	－13.836	0.199	－1.577	－69.437	<0.001
产次	－23.117	0.386	－1.535	－59.839	<0.001

表3 孕期体重增长影响因素的多重线性回归分析结果

变量	偏回归系数	偏回归系数标准误	标准化偏回归系数	t值	P值
常数项	378.041	4.975	－^a	75.994	<0.001
居住地	9.146	0.131	0.884	69.701	<0.001
学历	－7.517	0.112	－0.794	－67.366	<0.001
孕次	21.903	0.269	2.337	81.338	<0.001
年龄	0.877	0.025	0.585	34.622	<0.001
家庭月收入	－8.527	0.094	－1.077	－90.897	<0.001
孕前BMI	－13.836	0.199	－1.577	－69.437	<0.001
产次	－23.117	0.386	－1.535	－59.839	<0.001

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