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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (05) : 380 -390. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2026.05.002

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MRI在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童中应用的研究现状
何静1, 龙义添2, 曲海波3, 罗蓉1,†()   
  1. 1四川大学华西第二医院儿童神经内科、出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室，成都　610041
    2成都市第五人民医院放射科，成都　610041
    3四川大学华西第二医院放射科，成都　610041
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-22 修回日期:2026-09-03 出版日期:2026-10-01
  • 通信作者: 罗蓉

Current research status on applications of MRI in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Jing He1, Yitian Long2, Haibo Qu3, Rong Luo1,†()   

  1. 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    2Department of Radiology, Fifth People′s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    3Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2026-03-22 Revised:2026-09-03 Published:2026-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Rong Luo
  • Supported by:
    General Program of National Science Foundation of China(82572198); Key Research and Development Program of Science &Technology Department of Sichuan Province(255YSX0255)
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何静, 龙义添, 曲海波, 罗蓉. MRI在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童中应用的研究现状[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2026, 22(05): 380-390.

Jing He, Yitian Long, Haibo Qu, Rong Luo. Current research status on applications of MRI in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2026, 22(05): 380-390.

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期常见神经发育障碍，导致ADHD发生的病理机制复杂，而且具有高度的临床异质性和共病干扰。现有行为学诊断方法对该病的诊断存在主观性强、缺乏客观生物学指标等局限。MRI技术以其无创、高分辨率及多模态成像优势，已成为探索ADHD儿童神经病理机制、辅助临床诊断及评估干预效果的核心工具。笔者拟系统阐述ADHD儿童影像学研究的常用MRI技术方法及其在多模态MRI上的典型脑结构、功能及代谢异常表现，以及MRI在辅助诊断、疗效评估与个体化治疗预测中的临床应用前景，进一步剖析ADHD亚型、常见共病及性别年龄因素对ADHD儿童脑影像表型的影响，并探讨影像学生物标志物在临床转化中面临的技术挑战。未来研究应依托超高场强MRI、影像遗传学、脑连接组学与动力学等前沿技术，进行多模态数据融合与个性化建模，构建涵盖"基因-脑-行为"多层次精准诊疗体系，推动ADHD儿童诊疗从经验医学向精准医学的转变。

关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 磁共振成像, 发育轨迹, 脑网络, 生物标志物, 机器学习, 精准医学, 儿童

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, characterized by complex pathological mechanisms and high clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity interference. The existing behavioral diagnostic methods have limitations in diagnosing ADHD, such as strong subjectivity and lack of objective biological indicators. MRI technology, with its non-invasive, high-resolution, and multimodal imaging advantages, has become a core tool for exploring the neuropathological mechanisms of ADHD children, assisting clinical diagnosis, and evaluating intervention effects. The author intends to systematically elaborate on the commonly used MRI techniques and methods in the imaging research of ADHD children, as well as their typical brain structure, function, and metabolic abnormalities on multimodal MRI, and the clinical application prospects of MRI in assisting diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized treatment prediction of ADHD. Furthermore, the impact of ADHD subtypes, common comorbidities, and gender and age factors on the brain imaging phenotype of ADHD children will be analyzed, and the technical challenges faced by imaging biomarkers in clinical translation will be explored. Future research should rely on cutting-edge technologies such as ultra-high field MRI, imaging genetics, brain connectivity omics, and dynamics to conduct multimodal data fusion and personalized modeling, construct a multi-level precision diagnosis and treatment system covering " genes brain behavior", and promote the transformation of ADHD children′s diagnosis and treatment from empirical medicine to precision medicine.

Key words: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Magnetic resonance imaging, Developmental trajectories, Brain networks, Biomarkers, Machine learning, Precision medicine, Child
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