女性儿童（以下简称为“女童”）性早熟是儿科内分泌领域常见发育异常疾病，目前其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。女童性早熟分型包括中枢性性早熟（CPP）、外周性性早熟（PPP）及不完全性性早熟（IPP）。其中，CPP的病理发病机制主要与下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴（HPGA）提前激活有关，其诊断依赖于临床表现、血清基础性激素水平和促性腺激素释放激素（Gn RH）激发试验等方法。然而，由于GnRH 激发试验耗时、费用较高，并且对患儿依从性要求较高，寻找更便捷、无创的女童性早熟筛查替代手段成为本领域研究热点。血清基础性激素水平检测对女童性早熟筛查具有重要临床意义，尤其是对于HPGA 激活程度的评估，同时因其操作简单、成本低，可作为女童性早熟初筛指标，减少不必要的Gn RH 激发试验。近年盆腔超声在女童性早熟诊断中的应用受到广泛关注。作为一种无创、经济而且易于操作的影像学技术，盆腔超声通过测量子宫体积、子宫内膜厚度及卵巢体积等指标，为女童性早熟的早期筛查和分型提供重要影像学依据。笔者拟系统阐述血清基础性激素水平检测与盆腔超声在女童性早熟诊断中应用价值的最新研究进展，为儿科临床医师诊断女童性早熟提供参考。

Precocious puberty in girls is a common developmental abnormal disease in the field of pediatric endocrinology，and its incidence is increasing year by year.Precocious puberty in girls is categorized into three subtypes：central precocious puberty （CPP），peripheral precocious puberty（PPP），and incomplete precocious puberty ^（IPP）.Among them，the pathological mechanism of CPP is primarily linked to the initial activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis （HPGA），and its diagnosis depends on clinical manifestations，serum basal sex hormone levels and gonadotropinreleasing hormone （GnRH）stimulation test.However，due to the time-consuming，high cost，and high compliance requirements for children in GnRH stimulation testing，finding more convenient and non-invasive alternative means for screening of precocious puberty has become a research hotspot in this field.The detection of serum basal sex hormones holds significant clinical value in the screening of precocious puberty in girls，especially in evaluating the extent of HPGA activation.Given its simplicity and low cost，it can be employed as a primary screening tool for precocious puberty in girls，minimizing the need for unnecessary GnRH stimulation tests.In recent years，the application of pelvic ultrasound for diagnosing precocious puberty in girls has garnered significant focus.As a noninvasive，economical and easy to operate imaging technique，pelvic ultrasound provides an important basis for early screening and classification of precocious puberty in girls by measuring uterine volume，endometrium thickness and ovarian volume.The article systematically expounds the application value of serum basal sex hormone level detection and pelvic ultrasound in the diagnosis of precocious puberty in girls，providing a reference for pediatric clinicians in diagnosing precocious puberty in girls.