切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (02) : 180 -188. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.02.009

论著

利用列线图区分0~12岁社区获得性肺炎患儿肺炎支原体和病毒感染的探索性研究
张永威1, 刘玉华1,()   
  1. 1. 东莞市人民医院全科医学科,东莞 523000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 修回日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 刘玉华

An exploratory study on using Nomograms to distinguishing Mycoplasma pneumoniae from viral infection in children aged 0 to 12 years old with community-acquired pneumonia

Yongwei Zhang1, Yuhua Liu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of General Practice,Dongguan People's Hospital,Dongguan 523000,Guangdong Province,China
  • Received:2024-05-08 Revised:2025-03-03 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Yuhua Liu
引用本文:

张永威, 刘玉华. 利用列线图区分0~12岁社区获得性肺炎患儿肺炎支原体和病毒感染的探索性研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(02): 180-188.

Yongwei Zhang, Yuhua Liu. An exploratory study on using Nomograms to distinguishing Mycoplasma pneumoniae from viral infection in children aged 0 to 12 years old with community-acquired pneumonia[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(02): 180-188.

目的

探讨构建区分社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患儿肺炎支原体(MP)和病毒感染的列线图鉴别诊断模型,并评估其对2类肺炎的区分能力。

方法

选择2022年7月至2023年6月东莞市人民医院诊治的1 035例0~12岁CAP患儿为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法,根据病原学检查结果,将其分为MP组(n=525,为MP感染)和病毒组(n=510,为呼吸道相关病毒感染)。对2组患儿一般临床资料、临床症状及体征、实验室检查结果及胸部X 射线摄片结果进行比较(单因素分析)。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析法,分析区分CAP患儿MP和病毒感染性肺炎的独立影响因子,并据此建立区分CAP患儿MP和病毒感染的列线图鉴别诊断模型,并验证模型的分类准确性及稳定性。本研究经东莞市人民医院伦理委员会审批通过(审批文号:KYKT2021-065)。

结果

①多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,与年龄为>0~12个月患儿相比,年龄为>12~36个月、>36~72个月、>72~144个月CAP 患儿被诊断为MP 肺炎的可能性,分别是被诊断为病毒性肺炎的9.98倍(OR=9.98,95% CI:5.26~18.92,P <0.001),47.25 倍(OR=47.25,95% CI:24.96~89.45,P<0.001),740.87倍(OR=740.87,95% CI:200.27~2 815.14,P<0.001);血小板分布宽度(PDW)增加、有流涕症状、胸部X 射线摄片提示节段/斑片渗出的CAP患儿被诊断为MP肺炎的可能性,分别是被诊断为病毒性肺炎的75%(OR=0.75,95% CI:0.67~0.83,P<0.001),29%(OR=0.29,95% CI:0.19~0.42,P<0.001),3.41倍(OR=3.41,95% CI:2.35~4.94,P<0.001)。②由上述4个变量构建区分CAP患儿MP和病毒感染的列线图鉴别诊断模型,列线图总得分的最佳临界值为57.4分,最大约登指数为0.725;该模型区分CAP患儿MP和病毒感染的一致性指数(C-index)为0.904(95% CI:0.885~0.922,P<0.05),敏感度、特异度分别为94.48%、78.04%。

结论

采用CAP患儿年龄、PDW、流涕症状、胸部X 射线摄片提示节段/斑片渗出4个临床非特异指标构建的列线图,对0~12 岁CAP 患儿MP 和病毒感染性肺炎具有临床鉴别价值、准确度高,但尚需进一步验证。

Objective

To explore the construction of a Nomogram discrimination model for distinguishing Mycoplasmapneumoniae(MP)from viral infection in children with communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)and to evaluate its ability to distinguish two types of pneumonia.

Methods

A total of 1 035 children aged 0 to 12 years with CAP who were treated in Dongguan People's Hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects.A retrospective analysis was conducted,according to the results of etiological examination,they were divided into MP group (n=525,with MP infection)and viral group (n=510,with respiratory tract-related viral infection).The general clinical data,clinical symptoms and signs,laboratory test results,and chest X-ray results between two groups of children were compared statistically (single factor analysis).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influencing factors for distinguishing MP from viral infection in children with CAP,and based on these factors,a Nomogram discrimination model was constructed to distinguishing MP from viral infection in children with CAP.The model's classification accuracy and stability were subsequently validated.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dongguan People's Hospital (Approval No.KYKT2021-065).

Results

①Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis results showed that compared with children aged>0-12 months,the probability of being diagnosed with MP pneumonia(vs viral pneumonia)in children aged >12-36 months,>36-72 months,and >72-144 months were significantly higher,with odds ratios(OR)of 9.98(95% CI:5.26-18.92),47.25(95% CI:24.96-89.45),and 740.87(95% CI:200.27-2 815.14),respectively,and all with P <0.001.Increased platelet distribution width (PDW),presence of runny nose,and segmental/patchy infiltrates on chest X-ray were also with higher probability of being diagnosed with MP pneumonia(vs viral pneumonia),with the OR of 0.75(95% CI:0.67-0.83),0.29(95% CI:0.19-0.42),and 3.41(95% CI:2.35-4.94),respectively,and all with P <0.001.②A Nomogram discrimination model was developed using these four variables:age,PDW,runny nose,and segmental/patchy infiltrates on chest X-ray.The optimal cutoff score for total points on the Nomogram was 57.4,corresponding to the maximum Youden index of 0.725.The model yielded a concordance index (C-index)of 0.904(95% CI:0.885-0.922,P <0.05),with a sensitivity of 94.48%and a specificity of 78.04%.

Conclusions

The Nomogram discrimination model constructed based on four nonspecific clinical indicators(age,platelet distribution width,runny nose symptoms,and segmental/patchy infiltrates on chest X-ray)demonstrates high clinical value and diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing MP from viral infection in children aged 0-12 years old with CAP.However,further external validation is warranted.

表1 2组CAP患儿一般临床资料比较
表2 2组CAP患儿临床症状及体征比较
表3 2组CAP患儿实验室检查结果比较
表4 2组CAP患儿胸部X 射线摄片比较[例数(%)]
表5 CAP患儿MP肺炎或病毒性肺炎风险的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
图1 区分CAP患儿MP与病毒感染的列线图 注:CAP为社区获得性肺炎,MP为肺炎支原体
图2 区分CAP患儿MP与病毒感染列线图的区分估计能力与实际情况对比的图形化校准图 注:CAP为社区获得性肺炎,MP为肺炎支原体
[1]
Oumei H,Xuefeng W,Jianping L,et al.Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 1 500 hospitalized children[J].J Med Virol,2018,90(3):421-428.DOI:10.1002/jmv.24963.
[2]
陈志敏, 求伟玲.儿童肺炎支原体肺炎治疗进展[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2021,36(16):1214-1217.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20210720-00846.Chen ZM,Qiu WL.Therapeutic progress of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children[J].Chin J Appl Clin Pediatr,2021,36(16):1214-1217.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20210720-00846.
[3]
赵德育, 陈慧中, 杨倩媛, 等.临床征象对识别儿童社区获得性肺炎支原体肺炎价值的系统综述[J].中华儿科杂志,2016,54(2):104-110.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.02.008.Zhao DY,Chen HZ,Yang QY,et al.Value of clinical signs in the identification of Mycoplasmapneumoniae pneumonia in community acquired pneumonia in children[J].Chin J Pediatr,2016,54(2):104-110.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.02.008.
[4]
Korppi M.Non-specific host response markers in the differentiation between pneumococcal and viral pneumonia:what is the most accurate combination? [J].Pediatr Int,2004,46(5):545-550.DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01947.x.
[5]
Loens K,Ieven M.Mycoplasmapneumoniae:current knowledge on nucleic acid amplification techniques and serological diagnostics[J].Front Microbiol,2016,7:448.DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00448.
[6]
Krause CI.The ABCs of RSV[J].Nurse Pract,2018,43(9):20-26.DOI:10.1097/01.npr.0000544277.74514.55.
[7]
中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组, 中华儿科杂志编辑委员会, 中国医药教育协会儿科专业委员会.儿童社区获得性肺炎管理指南(2024修订)[J].中华儿科杂志,2024,62(10):920-930.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20240728-00523.The Subspecialty Group of Respiratory,the Society of Pediatrics,Chinese Medical Association,the Editorial Board,ChineseJournalofPediatrics,China Medicine Education Association Committee on Pediatrics.Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in children(2024 revision)[J].Chin J Pediatr,2024,62(10):920-930.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20240728-00523.
[8]
Leung AKC,Wong AHC,Hon KL.Community-acquired pneumonia in children[J].Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov,2018,12(2):136-144.DOI:10.2174/1872213X 12666180621163821.
[9]
Limaye AP,Babu TM,Boeckh M.Progress and challenges in the prevention,diagnosis,and management of cytomegalovirus infection in transplantation[J].Clin Microbiol Rev,2020,34(1):e00043-19.DOI:10.1128/CMR.00043-19.
[10]
Hsiao N-Y,Zampoli M,Morrow B,et al.Cytomegalovirus viraemia in HIV exposed and infected infants:prevalence and clinical utility for diagnosing CMV pneumonia[J].J Clin Virol,2013,58(1):74-78.DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.002.
[11]
Chee E,Huang K,Haggie S,et al.Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on the management of community acquired pneumonia in children[J].Paediatr Respir Rev,2022,42:59-68.DOI:10.1016/j.prrv.2022.01.006.
[12]
Song Z,Jia G,Luo G,et al.Global research trends of Mycoplasmapneumoniae pneumonia in children:a bibliometric analysis[J].Front Pediatr,2023,11:1306234.DOI:10.3389/fped.2023.1306234.
[13]
Gordon O,Oster Y,Michael-Gayego A,et al.The clinical presentation of pediatric Mycoplasmapneumoniae infectionsa single center cohort[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2019,38(7):698-705.DOI:10.1097/INF.0000000000002291.
[14]
Søndergaard MJ,Friis MB,Hansen DS,et al.Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):e0195288.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0195288.
[15]
Guo L,Rondina MT.The era of thromboinflammation:platelets are dynamic sensors and effector cells during infectious diseases[J].Front Immunol,2019,10:2204.DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02204.
[16]
Branchford BR,Carpenter SL.The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism[J].Front Pediatr,2018,6:142.DOI:10.3389/fped.2018.00142.
[17]
Van Gerven L,Steelant B,Hellings PW.Nasal hyperreactivity in rhinitis:a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge[J].Allergy,2018,73(9):1784-1791.DOI:10.1111/all.13453.
[18]
Ruuskanen O,Lahti E,Jennings LC,et al.Viral pneumonia[J].Lancet,2011,377(9773):1264-1275.DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6.
[19]
Priante E,Cavicchiolo ME,Baraldi E.RSV infection and respiratory sequelae[J].Minerva Pediatr,2018,70(6):623-633.DOI:10.23736/S0026-4946.18.05327-6.
[20]
Waites KB.New concepts of Mycoplasmapneumoniae infections in children[J].Pediatr Pulmonol,2003,36(4):267-278.DOI:10.1002/ppul.10346.
[21]
Bradley JS,Byington CL,Shah SS,et al.The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age:clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America[J].Clin Infect Dis,2011,53(7):e25-e76.DOI:10.1093/cid/cir531.
[22]
John SD,Ramanathan J,Swischuk LE.Spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumonia[J].RadioGraphics,2001,21(1):121-131.DOI:10.1148/radiographics.21.1.g01ja10121.
[23]
Cho YJ,Han MS,Kim WS,et al.Correlation between chest radiographic findings and clinical features in hospitalized children with Mycoplasmapneumoniae pneumonia[J].PLoS One,2019,14(8):e0219463.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0219463.
[24]
Alexopoulou E,Prountzos S,Raissaki M,et al.Imaging of acute complications of community-acquired pneumonia in the paediatric population-from chest radiography to MRI[J].Children (Basel),2024,11(1):122.DOI:10.3390/children11010122.
[25]
O'Grady KF,Torzillo PJ,Frawley K,et al.The radiological diagnosis of pneumonia in children[J].Pneumonia(Nathan),2014,5(Suppl 1):38-51.DOI:10.15172/pneu.2014.5/482.
[26]
Park SY.Nomogram:an analogue tool to deliver digital knowledge[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2018,155(4):1793.DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.107.
[27]
Huang T,Huang X,Cui X,et al.Predictive nomogram models for atrial fibrillation in COPD patients:a comprehensive analysis of risk factors and prognosis[J].Exp Ther Med,2024,27(4):171.DOI:10.3892/etm.2024.12459.
[1] 杨秀珍, 李丽, 徐哲明, 王晶晶, 叶菁菁. 基于排泄性尿路超声造影诊断肾内反流及与DMSA 显像的相关性分析[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(04): 348-353.
[2] 谭娇艳, 袁莉, 景珅, 郭吴丹, 吴文菁. 二维剪切波弹性成像技术在评估儿童脾大中的临床应用[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(03): 247-252.
[3] 张军. 中国儿童环境与健康综述[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(02): 252-252.
[4] 赵艾红, 唐为娟, 傅俊建, 徐湘. 重度肺炎患儿感染后闭塞性细支气管炎列线图预测模型的构建及验证[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 77-83.
[5] 李沛, 张海龙, 茅佳洋, 徐大荣, 赵菁. 肝素结合蛋白与白细胞介素-6水平在儿童大叶性肺炎中的动态变化及其与病情的相关性[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 84-95.
[6] 管豪, 李小容, 张瑶, 任明针. 不同年龄难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿高迁移率族蛋白B1水平差异及对转归的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 104-115.
[7] 袁强, 张华宇, 闫璋哲, 朱含放, 陈光, 孙亮, 吕远, 陈纲, 赵锁. cN0峡部偏侧甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的术前预测模型[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 333-336.
[8] 沈丹枫, 常鹏, 陆颖超, 徐红星, 顾强. PCT、CRP对急性胆管炎严重程度的早期预测价值及列线图模型构建[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 192-195.
[9] 范利杰, 韦雅丽. 右旋氯胺酮与舒芬太尼对腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿血流动力学及自主恢复的影响[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 214-218.
[10] 周艳, 周泽阳, 程欣萌, 何月娥, 李祥勇, 吴勇. 结直肠癌患者早期造口并发症预测模型的构建与验证[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 242-250.
[11] 王秋艳, 杨爱民, 程春, 周洋. 基于食管癌术后吻合口瘘危险因素建立风险预测列线图模型及临床决策曲线分析[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(03): 229-234.
[12] 方海丽, 王俊, 栾琳. HBV 相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者诱发肝性脑病风险列线图模型构建与验证应用[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(02): 144-148.
[13] 鲍文海, 阮勤, 李菲菲. Th17/Treg 免疫失衡在儿童腹型过敏性紫癜诊断与病情评估中的应用[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(02): 162-167.
[14] 王一. 血清胃蛋白酶原检测在儿童幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎中的临床研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 140-144.
[15] 朱其菲, 张莎莎. 187例肺炎支原体感染的哮喘患儿骨膜素、肌腱蛋白-C、sST2水平特征及对哮喘急性发作的影响[J/OL]. 中华卫生应急电子杂志, 2025, 11(02): 73-80.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?