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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (01) : 102 -110. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2022.01.014

论著

双胎新生儿出生体重不一致对其之一并发症发生风险影响
杨玲1,1, 王贝贝2,2, 周燕1,1, 宿静1,1, 顾宁1,1, 卜蓓蓓1,1, 戴毅敏1,,1()   
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-04 修回日期:2021-11-01 出版日期:2022-02-01
  • 通信作者: 戴毅敏

Birthweight discordance of twin newborns on their risk of complications

Ling Yang1,1, Beibei Wang2,2, Yan Zhou1,1, Jing Su1,1, Ning Gu1,1, Beibei Bu1,1, Yimin Dai1,1,()   

  • Received:2021-01-04 Revised:2021-11-01 Published:2022-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Yimin Dai
  • Supported by:
    Construction Unit of Jiangsu Obstetrics Clinical Medicine Center (Innovation Platform)(2016-17)
引用本文:

杨玲, 王贝贝, 周燕, 宿静, 顾宁, 卜蓓蓓, 戴毅敏. 双胎新生儿出生体重不一致对其之一并发症发生风险影响[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 18(01): 102-110.

Ling Yang, Beibei Wang, Yan Zhou, Jing Su, Ning Gu, Beibei Bu, Yimin Dai. Birthweight discordance of twin newborns on their risk of complications[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2022, 18(01): 102-110.

目的

探讨双胎新生儿出生体重差值(ΔBW)预测双胎新生儿之一发生并发症的临床意义。

方法

选择2018年1月至2019年12月,在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院分娩的752对(1 504例)活产双胎新生儿,及其母亲为研究对象。根据双胎新生儿是否发生并发症(双胎新生儿之一或双胎新生儿均发生并发症),将其分别纳入研究组(n=178)和对照组(n=574);再根据研究组双胎新生儿是否被转入新生儿重症监护病房(NICU),进一步分为NICU亚组(n=153)和非NICU亚组(n=25)。影响双胎新生儿之一发生并发症因素进行单因素分析和多因素非条件logistics回归分析,并绘制预测双胎新生儿之一总体并发症的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求,并经南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院伦理委员会审核批准(批准文号:2020-264)。

结果

①752对双胎中,178对双胎新生儿之一发生并发症,发生率为23.7%(178/752)。②研究组双胎的剖宫产术分娩率、辅助生殖率、出生胎龄与体重及Apgar评分均低于对照组,而研究组产妇妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)、单绒毛膜(MC)双胎妊娠、双胎之一出生体重<P10或<P3所占比例、ΔBW及转入NICU率,均显著高于对照组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③NICU亚组双胎出生胎龄及体重、生后1和5 min Apgar评分,均低于非NICU亚组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④多因素非条件logistics回归分析结果显示,剖宫产分娩(OR=0.246,95%CI:0.145~0.418,P<0.001)、胎龄<37周(OR=22.294,95%CI:10.884~45.666,P<0.001),双胎之一脐血流异常(OR=2.879,95%CI:1.183~7.004,P=0.020),双胎之一出生体重<P3(OR=3.384,95%CI:1.598~7.164,P=0.001),均是双胎新生儿之一发生并发症的独立影响因素。对ΔBW分层分析结果显示,20%≤ΔBW<30%(OR=4.799,95%CI:2.612~8.814,P<0.001)与ΔBW≥30%(OR=15.984,95%CI:4.369~58.475,P<0.001),亦是双胎新生儿之一发生并发症的独立危险因素。⑤ΔBW联合双胎之一新生儿出生体重<P3,对预测双胎新生儿之一总体并发症的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.666(95%CI:0.577~0.755,P<0.001),预测敏感度为57.1%,特异度为81.9%。ΔBW联合脐血流异常,对预测双胎新生儿之一总体并发症的AUC为0.714(95%CI:0.632~0.797,P<0.001),预测敏感度为61.9%,特异度为79.8%。

结论

双胎出生体重不一致,是双胎新生儿之一发生并发症的高危因素,重视ΔBW并结合产前胎儿脐动脉血流监测结果,对建立有效双胎新生儿风险筛查流程有重要意义。

Objective

To explore clinical significance of birthweight discordance of twin newborns (ΔBW) in predicting their complications.

Methods

From January 2018 to December 2019, a retrospective study was conducted on 752 pairs of twins (1 504 cases) who delivered in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and among them one of the twins not transferred to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for at least one case. According to whether one of twin newborns had complications, they were divided into study group (n=178) and control group (n=574). According to whether one of twins in study group was transferred to NICU, it was further divided into NICU subgroup (n=153) and non-NICU subgroup (n=25). Methods of single-factor analysis and multi-factor unconditional logistics regression analysis were performed on risk factors of twin newborn complications, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting the total risk factors of twin newborn complications was drawn. The procedure followed in this study met the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association revised in 2013, and had been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (Approval No. 2020-264).

Results

①Among 752 pairs of twins, one of 178 pairs of twins had complications, the incidence rate was 23.7% (178/752). ② The cesarean section rate, assisted reproduction rate, gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score of twins in study group were lower than those in control group, while the proportion of pregnancy-induced hypertension, monochorionic(MC) twin pregnancies and birth weight of one twin <P10 or <P3, ΔBW and rate of transfer to NICU in study group were significantly higher than those in control group, and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). ③ The gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score of twins in NICU subgroup were lower than those in non-NICU subgroup, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). ④The multivariate unconditional logistics regression analysis showed that cesarean section (OR=0.246, 95%CI: 0.145-0.418, P<0.001) and gestational age<37 weeks (OR=22.294, 95%CI: 10.884-45.666, P<0.001), umbilical blood flow abnormality in either fetus (OR=2.879, 95%CI: 1.183-7.004, P=0.020), birth weight in either fetus <P3 (OR=3.384, 95%CI: 1.598-7.164, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of twin newborn complications. Hierarchical analysis of ΔBW showed that 20%≤ΔBW<30% (OR=4.799, 95%CI: 2.612-8.814, P<0.001) and ΔBW≥30% (OR=15.984, 95%CI: 4.36-58.475, P<0.001) were also independent risk factors of twin newborn complications. ⑤ The area under curve (AUC) of ΔBW combined with birth weight of one of twin<P3 to predict risk of complications of twin newborns was 0.666 (95%CI: 0.577-0.755, P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 57.1% and 81.9%, respectively. The AUC of ΔBW combined with abnormal umbilical blood flow in predicting risk of complications of twin newborns was 0.714 (95%CI: 0.632-0.797, P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 61.9% and 79.8%, respectively.

Conclusions

ΔBW is associated with an increased risk of twin newborn complications. Paying attention to ΔBW combined with prenatal fetal blood flow monitoring are of great significance to establish an effective risks screening process for twins.

表1 影响2组双胎新生儿之一并发症发生因素的单因素分析结果
组别 例数 产妇
年龄(岁,±s) 孕次[次,M(P25~P75)] 产次[次,M(P25~P75)] 剖宫产术分娩[例数(%)] 单绒毛膜双胎[例数(%)] 辅助生殖受孕[例数(%)] HDCP[例数(%)]
研究组 178 30.1±4.3 1.0(1.0~2.0) 1.0(1.0~1.0) 135(75.8) 56(31.5) 89(50.0) 57(32.0)
对照组 574 30.5±4.0 1.0(1.0~2.0) 1.0(1.0~1.0) 524(91.3) 132(23.0) 364(63.4) 104(18.1)
检验值   t=-1.422 Z=-1.000 Z=-0.332 χ2=29.912 χ2=5.191 χ2=10.208 χ2=15.611
P   0.155 0.741 0.921 <0.001 0.023 0.001 <0.001
组别 例数 产妇 双胎新生儿
GDM[例数(%)] 双胎之一脐血流异常[%(n/n′)]a 生后1 min Apgar评分(分,±s) 生后5 min Apgar评分(分,±s) 双胎之一转入NICU[例数(%)] 双胎之一新生儿死亡[例数(%)] 出生胎龄(周,±s)
研究组 178 30(16.9) 42.9(27/63) 8.3±1.0 9.0±1.2 153(86.0) 9(5.1) 33.7±2.3
对照组 574 93(16.2) 11.2(21/188) 8.9±0.4 9.9±0.4 23(4.0) 0(0) 36.6±1.8
检验值   χ2=0.042 χ2=30.633 t=-10.190 t=-12.909 χ2=508.971 χ2=29.374 t=-16.562
P   0.837 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
组别 例数 双胎新生儿
出生体重(g,±s) 双胎之一出生体重<P3[例数(%)] 双胎之一出生体重<P10[例数(%)] ΔBW(%,±s) 10%≤ΔBW<20%[例数(%)] 20%≤ΔBW<30%[例数(%)] ΔBW≤30%[例数(%)]
研究组 178 1 890.1±519.5 43(24.2) 77(43.3) 16.9±12.6 39(21.9) 44(24.7) 26(14.6)
对照组 574 2 598.1±334.2 51(8.9) 181(31.5) 9.7±7.4 184(32.1) 46(8.0) 5(0.9)
检验值   t=-26.008 χ2=28.974 χ2=8.288 t=6.955 χ2=6.704 χ2=35.990 χ2=64.860
P   <0.001 <0.001 0.004 <0.001 0.010 <0.001 <0.001
表2 研究组双胎新生儿之一转入NICU影响因素的单因素分析结果
组别 例数 产妇
年龄(岁,±s) 孕次[次,M(P25~P75)] 产次[次,M(P25~P75)] 剖宫产术分娩[例数(%)] MC[例数(%)] 辅助生殖[例数(%)] HDCP[例数(%)]
NICU亚组 153 30.1±4.4 1.0(1.0~2.0) 1.0(1.0~2.0) 112(73.2) 49(32.0) 79(51.6) 53(34.6)
非NICU亚组 25 29.9±3.8 1.0(1.0~2.5) 1.0(1.0~2.0) 23(92.0) 7(27.0) 11(44.0) 4(16.0)
检验值   t=0.261 Z=-0.039 Z=-0.093 χ2=3.182 χ2=0.162 χ2=0.501 χ2=2.627
P   0.795 0.969 0.926 0.074 0.688 0.479 0.105
组别 例数 产妇 双胎新生儿
GDM[例数(%)] 双胎之一脐血流异常[%(n/n′)]a 生后1 min Apgar评分(分,±s) 生后5 min Apgar评分(分,±s) 双胎之一新生儿死亡[例数(%)] 胎龄(周,±s)
NICU亚组 153 30(19.6) 44.1(26/59) 8.3±1.1 9.0±1.2 9(5.9) 33.3±2.2
非NICU亚组 25 1(4.0) 25.0(1/4) 8.8±0.4 9.5±1.1 0(0) 36.3±1.0
检验值   χ2=2.635 χ2=0.050 t=-6.467 t=-3.448 χ2=0.566 t=-10.877
P   0.105 0.823 <0.001 0.001 0.456 <0.001
组别 例数 双胎新生儿
出生体重(g,±s) 双胎之一出生体重<P3[例数(%)] 双胎之一出生体重<P10[例数(%)] ΔBW(%,±s) 10%≤ΔBW<20%[例数(%)] 20%≤ΔBW<30%[例数(%)] ΔBW≤30%[例数(%)]
NICU亚组 153 1 804.8±443.7 36(23.5) 64(41.8) 17.3±13.5 35(22.9) 34(22.2) 26(17.0)
非NICU亚组 25 2 412.0±337.5 7(28.0) 13(52.0) 14.1±10.3 4(16.0) 10(40.0) 0(0)
检验值   t=-11.233 χ2=0.234 χ2=0.905 t=1.391 χ2=0.260 χ2=5.640 χ2=3.706
P   <0.001 0.628 0.341 0.172 0.610 0.056 0.054
表3 双胎新生儿之一并发症的多因素logistics回归分析变量含义及其赋值情况
表4 双胎新生儿之一总体并发症的多因素非条件logistics回归分析
图1 ΔBW、双胎新生儿之一出生体重<P3、脐血流异常预测双胎新生儿之一总体并发症的ROC曲线(图1A:ΔBW、双胎新生儿之一出生体重<P3ΔBW联合双胎新生儿之一出生体重<P3预测并发症的ROC曲线;图1B:ΔBW、胎儿脐血流异常及ΔBW联合胎儿脐血流异常预测251对有胎儿脐血流检查结果双胎新生儿之一总体并发症的ROC曲线)注:ΔBW为双胎出生体重差值,P3为双胎新生儿之一出生体重小于同胎龄儿第3百分位数,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
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