探讨胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)病例母血及脐血中表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor，EGF)与胎盘组织中凋亡相关基因Bcl-2，Bax表达的关系。

放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定FGR组20例母血、脐血EGF浓度，以同期足月正常体重儿25例为对照组。免疫组化SP法检测胎盘组织中Bcl-2，Bax基因表达。图像分析系统进行单个绒毛阳性细胞率、阳性细胞面积、总面积测定，量化Bcl-2，Bax基因表达。

FGR组母血、脐血EGF浓度与对照组比较，明显减少(P<0. 01)，FGR组胎盘组织中Bcl-2阳性细胞率及单个绒毛阳性细胞面积占总面积百分比较对照组明显减少(P<0. 01)，而Bax基因明显增加(P<0. 01)。FGR组母血、脐血EGF与胎盘组织中Bcl-2阳性细胞率、面积百分比呈正相关，与Bax表达无相关性。

母血、脐血EGF减少可能是引起FGR的原因之一。FGR组胎盘组织中Bcl-2表达下降，Bax表达增高。EGF可以通过上调Bcl-2的表达，抑制胎盘细胞凋亡，促进胎儿生长发育。

To evaluate the relationship between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Bcl-2, Bax genetic expression in placenta of fetal growth restriction (FGR).

25 cases with term normal birth weight and 20 cases with FGR were examined. EGF concentrations in maternal and cord blood were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Bcl-2 and Bax in human placenta were detected by streptavidin peroxidase techniques. Positive cells rate and the ratio of positive area to the total area in single villi were measured by picture analysis system.

Compared to the control group, EGF concentrations of FGR group in both maternal and cord blood decreased significantly (P<0. 01). Bcl-2positive cells rate and the area ratio of positive to villi were both higher in placenta of FGR than that in the normal control group (P < 0. 01). By contrast, Bax both increaded significantly (P<0. 01). In FGR group, there existed positive correlation between EGF concentrations and Bcl-2 expression which included Bcl-2 positive cells rate and the positive area ratio. No relations were observed between EGF and Bax.

The results suggested that reduction of EGF in maternal and cord blood is one of the reason for FGR. Bcl-2 expression is increasing whereas, Bax is decreasing. EGF may inhibit apoptosis in placenta by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression, which may accelerate fetal growth.