Chinese Medical E-ournals Database

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (05): 453 -461. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2026.05.010

Original Article

Correlation analysis between interdelivery interval after two deliveries and postpartum pelvic floor function parameters by mode of delivery

Ling Shen, Xiaowen Yuan, Li Su, Ting Luo†()   

  1. Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Tongji University·Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai 201204, China
  • Received:2025-10-18 Revised:2026-07-07 Published:2026-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Ting Luo
Objective

To investigate the relationship between the interval between two deliveries and postpartum pelvic floor function indicators in women with different modes of delivery.

Methods

A total of 345 women who delivered at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the modes of the two deliveries, the women were divided into the cesarean delivery group (n=152) and the natural childbirth group (n=193). Based on the interval between the two deliveries, women in both groups were stratified into three categories: <3 years, 3-10 years, and >10 years. All participants underwent pelvic floor muscle function and pelvic floor structure examinations at 45-60 days after the second delivery. Postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction-related symptoms were assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20). The differences in type Ⅰ muscle fiber mean electromyographic value and variability, type Ⅱ muscle fiber maximum electromyographic value and rise time, levator hiatus circumference and area, and PFDI-20 scores were compared between the two groups at different delivery intervals. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between the interval between two deliveries and postpartum pelvic floor function indicators. The procedures of this study complied with the standards established by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, and the study was approved by the ethics committee (Approval No.20220109).

Results

① There were no statistically significant differences between the cesarean delivery group and the natural childbirth group in maternal age, interval between two deliveries, body mass index, neonatal birth weight at the first and current deliveries, or gestational age at the first and current deliveries (P>0.05). ② At different delivery intervals, the type Ⅰ muscle fiber mean electromyographic value and type Ⅱ muscle fiber maximum electromyographic value in the cesarean delivery group were generally higher than those in the natural childbirth group, whereas the type Ⅰ muscle fiber variability and type Ⅱ muscle fiber rise time were generally lower than those in the natural childbirth group; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levator hiatus circumference and area in the natural childbirth group were greater than those in the cesarean delivery group, and the PFDI-20 subscale scores and total score were higher than those in the cesarean delivery group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). ③ In both the cesarean delivery group and the natural childbirth group, pelvic floor muscle electromyographic indicators, pelvic floor structure indicators, and PFDI-20 scores differed significantly among women with different delivery intervals (P<0.05). Overall, women with an interval of 3-10 years between the two deliveries had relatively better pelvic floor function indicators, whereas those with an interval of <3 years had relatively poorer pelvic floor function indicators. ④ Correlation analysis showed that, among women with delivery intervals of <3 years and 3-10 years, the type Ⅰ muscle fiber mean electromyographic value and type Ⅱ muscle fiber maximum electromyographic value were positively correlated with the specific delivery interval in both the cesarean delivery group and the natural childbirth group (P<0.05), whereas no correlation was observed for the other indicators (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Mode of delivery and the interval between two deliveries may be associated with postpartum pelvic floor function recovery. Compared with women who underwent natural childbirth, those who underwent cesarean delivery had generally better postpartum pelvic floor function indicators. Women with an interval of 3-10 years between two deliveries had relatively better pelvic floor function indicators. Clinical attention should be paid to postpartum pelvic floor function screening and rehabilitation guidance for women who undergo natural childbirth and those with a short interval before a subsequent pregnancy.

表1 本研究2组产妇一般临床资料比较(±s)
表2 自然分娩组产妇(n=193)按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时的分娩产程持续时间组内比较(±s)
表3 本研究2组产妇按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时Ⅰ类肌纤维肌电指标组间与组内比较(±s)
表4 本研究2组产妇按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时Ⅱ类肌纤维肌电指标组间与组内比较(±s)
表5 本研究2组产妇按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时盆底结构指标组间比较(±s)
表6 本研究2组产妇按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时PFDI-20评分组间比较(分,±s)
表7 本研究产妇按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时剖宫产分娩方式和盆底功能指标的相关性分析(n=152)
表8 本研究产妇按照2次分娩间隔时间<3年、3~10年和>10年3个时间段进行分层时自然分娩方式和盆底功能指标的相关性分析(n=193)
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