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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版)

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (05): 380 -390. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2026.05.002

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Current research status on applications of MRI in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Jing He1, Yitian Long2, Haibo Qu3, Rong Luo1,†()   

  1. 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    2Department of Radiology, Fifth People′s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    3Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2026-03-22 Revised:2026-09-03 Published:2026-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Rong Luo
  • Supported by:
    General Program of National Science Foundation of China(82572198); Key Research and Development Program of Science &Technology Department of Sichuan Province(255YSX0255)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, characterized by complex pathological mechanisms and high clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity interference. The existing behavioral diagnostic methods have limitations in diagnosing ADHD, such as strong subjectivity and lack of objective biological indicators. MRI technology, with its non-invasive, high-resolution, and multimodal imaging advantages, has become a core tool for exploring the neuropathological mechanisms of ADHD children, assisting clinical diagnosis, and evaluating intervention effects. The author intends to systematically elaborate on the commonly used MRI techniques and methods in the imaging research of ADHD children, as well as their typical brain structure, function, and metabolic abnormalities on multimodal MRI, and the clinical application prospects of MRI in assisting diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized treatment prediction of ADHD. Furthermore, the impact of ADHD subtypes, common comorbidities, and gender and age factors on the brain imaging phenotype of ADHD children will be analyzed, and the technical challenges faced by imaging biomarkers in clinical translation will be explored. Future research should rely on cutting-edge technologies such as ultra-high field MRI, imaging genetics, brain connectivity omics, and dynamics to conduct multimodal data fusion and personalized modeling, construct a multi-level precision diagnosis and treatment system covering " genes brain behavior", and promote the transformation of ADHD children′s diagnosis and treatment from empirical medicine to precision medicine.

Key words: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Magnetic resonance imaging, Developmental trajectories, Brain networks, Biomarkers, Machine learning, Precision medicine, Child
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