Chinese Medical E-ournals Database

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (02): 219 -229. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.02.014

Original Article

Systemic review and Meta-analysis of safety of mucous fistula refeeding in neonates after enterostomy

Jicheng Li1, Shiqi Liu1, Juan Du1, Zixin Yang1, Xing Zhu1, Mingyan Hei1,()   

  1. 1. Neonatal Center,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children's Health,Beijing 100045,China
  • Received:2024-09-02 Revised:2025-02-10 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Mingyan Hei

Objective

To investigate the safety of mucous fistula refeeding(MFR)in neonates after enterostomy.

Methods

Literature on clinical research of safety of MFR treatment in neonates after enterostomy were searched by computer from Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Database and Full-Text Database of Chinese Medical Journals.Literature retrieval time was set from database inception of each database to July 10,2024.Review Manager 5.4 software was used to screen and extract literature on the safety of MFR implementation after neonatal enterostomy.The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews'Risk of Bias 2 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)for cohort studies were respectively applied to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCT)and cohort studies on the safety of MFR after neonatal enterostomy,followed by a Meta-analysis.In this study,the evaluation index of MFR treatment safety in neonates after enterostomy was mainly the incidence of postoperative complications related to enterostomy.Egger's test was used to evaluate literature publication bias.

Results

According to the literature search strategy established in this study,23 pieces of literature(1 exploratory RCT study,11 cohort studies,and the rest were not included in the control group)on the safety of MFR after neonatal enterostomy were included in this study,including a total of 806 neonates after enterostomy.In 12 of the 23 pieces of literature,the study group was neonates after enterostomy who received MFR treatment (n=403),and the control group was neonates after enterostomy who did not receive MFR treatment (n=241).The analysis was as follows.①Meta-analysis:the results of literature quality evaluation showed that all the 11 cohort studies were of medium or high quality.One RCT study had a high risk of bias(due to the small amount of data included in the literature,it was excluded even if it was a high risk of bias).The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications related to enterostomy between study group and control group RR=0.71,95% CI:0.23-2.15,P=0.54).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications of enterostomy in preterm infants (birth gestational age<37 weeks)and low birth weight infants (birth weight<2.5 kg)among those treated with MFR after enterostomy in study group and those not treated with MFR in control group (RR=0.72,95% CI:0.02-29.70,P=0.87;RR=0.11,95% CI:0.01-1.57,P=0.10).Egger's test results showed that there was no significant publication bias among the studies(P=0.35).②Systematic review:the total incidence of postoperative complications related to enterostomy reported in 23 pieces of literature was 8.8%(71/806),among which the serious complications were repeated intestinal mucosal bleeding requiring blood transfusion(1 case)and distal intestinal perforation(4 cases),and 2 cases eventually died due to severe infection and multiple organ failure.The mortality rate was 0.2%(2/806).

Conclusions

MFR is generally safe in neonates after enterostomy,but serious complications can occur.Due to the limited number and quality of included studies,the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

图1 本研究关于肠造瘘术后新生儿接受MFR 安全性研究文献的筛选流程及结果 注:MFR 为肠液回输
表1 本研究肠造瘘术后新生儿接受MFR 安全性研究文献的基本信息
文献(第1作者,发表年) 研究类型 国家 肠造瘘术后新生儿例数(例)a 疾病诊断 胎龄(周)
研究组 对照组
陈劼,2010[29] 队列研究 中国 13 7 NEC、肠闭锁、胎粪性腹膜炎、肠扭转坏死、巨结肠并肠穿孔
徐亚娟,2019[10] 队列研究 中国 63 46 NEC、肠闭锁、SIP、胎粪性腹膜炎、肠扭转
陈焕,2017[30] 队列研究 中国 41 35 NEC、肠闭锁、SIP、胎粪性腹膜炎、肠扭转、肠神经发育不良
Lau,2016[6] 队列研究 中国 77 15 NEC 23~41a
Koike,2016[7] 队列研究 日本 13 14 NEC、肠闭锁、SIP、MI、胎粪性腹膜炎 25~40a
Gause,2016[15] 队列研究 美国 13 11 NEC、肠穿孔、肠扭转、胎粪囊肿 24.9~29a
Inoue,2014[18] 队列研究 日本 4 4 肠穿孔 23+4~28+2a
Bindi,2020[17] 队列研究 意大利 65 20 NEC、MI、肠闭锁、SIP 22~39a
Woods,2021[16] 队列研究 美国 65 36 NEC、肠闭锁 25~36.6a
Yabe,2019[19] 队列研究 日本 10 6 NEC、MI、肠闭锁、肠套叠、胃破裂、内疝 23~37a
Coles,2022[20] 队列研究 英国 29 42 NEC、肠穿孔、肠闭锁、肠旋转不良、胃破裂、肠狭窄 23~40a
Lee,2023[9] 探索性RCT 韩国 10 5 NEC、MI、SIP 23~33+5a
Corbett,2010[21] 回顾性研究 英国 3 肠闭锁
Schäfer,1997[22] 回顾性研究 德国 9 肠闭锁、MI 24~39b
Ludlow,2024[23] 前瞻性研究 新西兰 10 NEC、MI、SIP、肠扭转、腹裂
Sancar,2020[24] 回顾性研究 奥地利 23 MI、肠穿孔、NEC、肠闭锁、腹裂、肠扭转、 24~38b
Haddock,2015[25] 回顾性研究 加拿大 23 肠闭锁、NEC、MI、其他 25~40b
Al-Harbi,1999[8] 回顾性研究 加拿大 6 NEC、肠闭锁、中肠扭转、脐膨出并小肠瘘 27~38b
Wong,2004[26] 回顾性研究 中国 13 NEC、肠闭锁、肠穿孔、肠旋转不良伴肠扭转 24~37b
Elliott,2019[27] 回顾性研究 加拿大 31 NEC、肠穿孔、肠闭锁、腹裂 32±4.5c
Pratap,2007[28] 回顾性研究 尼泊尔 10 NEC、中肠扭转 34.2±4.6c
刘文跃,2019[31] 回顾性研究 中国 20 MI、NEC、肠闭锁、肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转 34.02±2.11c
周佳亮,2018[11] 回顾性研究 中国 14 肠闭锁、MI、NEC、肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转 33.4±2.8c
表2 本研究纳入的11篇关于肠造瘘术后新生儿接受MFR安全性队列研究文献的NOS量表评分(分)
图2 纳入本研究的12篇文献中,研究组(n=403)与对照组(n=241)新生儿肠造瘘术后相关并发症发生率比较的森林图
图3 纳入本研究3篇报道早产儿肠造瘘术后相关并发症发生率中,研究组(n=27)与对照组(n=20)早产儿肠造瘘术后相关并发症发生率比较的森林图
图4 纳入Meta分析的12篇文献的敏感性分析结果 注:每篇文献敏感性分析结果中,左、右侧竖线(|)表示RR 值95% CI 下限与上限,○表示合并效应量(RR 值)
表3 纳入本研究进行系统评价的23篇文献中的肠造瘘术后新生儿接受MFR 设置及方法
文献(第1作者,发表年) 肠造瘘术后MFR开始时间 MFR操作方法 操作人员
近端造瘘口肠液收集 远端MFR
陈劼,2010[29] 术后1周 造瘘袋,3 h/次 8~10 Fr胃管,3 h/次(20~30 mL/次) 护士
徐亚娟,2019[10] 标准便袋-注射器,2~3 h/次 硅胶软管/吸痰管;2~3 h/次(20~30 mL/次)
陈焕,2017[30] 术后2周 一次性保鲜袋,2~3 h/次 硅胶管/吸痰管;2~3 h/次(若近端瘘便>30mL/h,则1 h/次)
文献(第1作者,发表年) 肠造瘘术后MFR开始时间 MFR操作方法 操作人员
近端造瘘口肠液收集 远端MFR
Lau,2016[6] 术后15~140 d 4 h/次 8 Fr胃管-注射泵,连续输注(输注速率逐渐增大,直至与近端总造口瘘便量相匹配) 外科医师、技师或护士等
Koike,2016[7] 术后8~97 d 造瘘袋-注射器,4 h/次 5/6 Fr胃管-注射泵,4 h/次 护士
Gause,2016[15] 术后24 h 6 Fr导尿管-电子注射泵,输注速率和近端造口瘘便速率相当 外科医师
Inoue,2014[18] 开始肠内喂养后 密封圆筒-持续吸引
Bindi,2020[17] 术后10~15 d 造瘘袋-注射器,3 h/次 体重>2 kg者,使用导尿管(6~8 Fr),体重<2 kg者,使用注射器;均为20 mL/次,2次/d 外科医师
Woods,2021[16] 4 h/次 6 Fr导尿管/5~6.5 Fr胃管-注射泵,持续输注(输注速率与造口瘘便速率一致或为4~8 mL/h)
Yabe,2019[19] 获得足够的近端造瘘口输出量 便袋-注射器,3 h/次 7 Fr导管-注射器,3 h/次 护士
Coles,2022[20] 术后5~66 d 软橡胶导管,1~4 次/d 软橡胶导管,1~4 次/d 外科医师+护士
Lee,2023[9] 达全肠内喂养后 便袋-人工,8 h/次 3~4 Fr软导管,3~4 h/次 外科医师+护士
Schäfer,1997[22] 术后1周左右 造瘘袋-自动,持续24 h 8~10 Fr尿管-CEST技术-电动滚筒泵系统 CEST技术
Corbett,2010[21]
Ludlow,2024[23] 造瘘袋-自动,4~6 h/次 肠内胃肠管/鼻胃管-注射器泵,4~6 h/次 护士
Sancar,2020[24] 术后5 d 5~8 Fr胃管/特殊自控直肠导管-注射器 外科医师+护士
Haddock,2015[25] 远端肠管通畅后 5/6.5 Fr胃管,5 Fr导尿管,12 Fr胃造口管 外科医师、技师及护士等均可
Al-Harbi,1999[8] 术后3~30 d 造瘘袋-人工,4~6 h/次 8 Fr胃管/导尿管-注射器泵,4~6 h/次
Wong,2004[26] 远端肠管通畅后 造瘘袋-人工,4~6 h/次 8 Fr鼻胃管-注射器泵,4~6 h/次
Elliott,2019[27] 造瘘袋-注射器,3~4 h/次 8 Fr导尿管-注射器泵,3~4 h/次 外科医师
Pratap,2007[28] 8 Fr导尿管,4~6 h/次 8 Fr导尿管-注射器-微滴灌注,4~6 h/次
刘文跃,2019[31] 根据近端肠液情况决定 6~8 Fr鼻胃管-喂养泵,3 h/次
周佳亮,2018[11] 3 h/次 6-8 Fr鼻胃管-注射器,3 h/次 外科医师、技师及护士等均可
表4 本研究纳入进行系统评价的23篇文献中研究组与对照组肠造瘘术后MFR 相关并发症及MFR 相关不良事件发生情况
文献(第1作者,发表年) 肠造瘘术后相关并发症 肠造瘘术后MFR相关不良事件
研究组 对照组
陈劼,2010[29] 肠黏膜出血(2例)、造瘘口刺激性皮炎(3例) 肠黏膜出血(1例)、肠管脱垂(1例)、造瘘口刺激性皮炎(2例) 未发生
徐亚娟,2019[10] 肠黏膜出血(2例) 未发生 未发生
陈焕,2017[30] 肠黏膜出血(2例) 未发生 未发生
Lau,2016[6] 未发生 未发生 回输管道滑脱
Inoue,2014[18] 未发生 肠管脱垂(4例) 未发生
文献(第1作者,发表年) 肠造瘘术后相关并发症 肠造瘘术后MFR相关不良事件
研究组 对照组
Bindi,2020[17] 肠管脱垂(2例)、肠黏膜出血(2例)、造瘘口回缩(1例) 肠管脱垂(3例)、肠管狭窄(2例)、造瘘口回缩(2例) 未发生
Lee,2023[9] 腹胀(1例)、肠管脱垂(1例)、造瘘口皮肤糜烂(1例)、肠穿孔(1例) 未发生 未发生
Corbett,2010[21] 肠管脱垂(1例) 未发生
Haddock,2015[25] 肠穿孔(3例)(其中1例死亡)、肠黏膜反复出血(1 例)、造瘘口裂开(2 例)、造瘘口感染(9例)、肠管狭窄(2例) 未发生
Elliott,2019[27] 造瘘口感染(2例)、造瘘口处皮炎(4例)、肠管脱垂(1例)、肠皮瘘(1例) 未发生
Pratap,2007[28] 代谢性酸中毒(8例)、肠管狭窄(2例)、盆腔积液(1例) 未发生
周佳亮,2018[11] 中度脱水(1例) 回输管道滑脱
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