Chinese Medical E-ournals Database

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (06): 644 -651. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2024.06.008

Original Article

Clinical application research and genetic detection of fragile X syndrome based on long read sequencing

Zhu Jiang1, Jianxin Tan1, Binbin Shao1, Yan Wang1, Zhengfeng Xu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Prenatal Diagnosis,Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital,Nanjing 210004,Jiangsu Province,China
  • Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2024-11-19 Published:2024-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhengfeng Xu

Objective

To explore the detection performance of comprehensive analysis of fragile X syrdrome (CAFXS)based on long fragment PCR (LR-PCR)combined with long read sequencing(LRS)in the detection of fragile X mental retardation 1(FMR1)gene.

Methods

A total of 33 participants with FXS/premutation carriers and their family members who underwent expanded carrier screening or visited the genetic counseling clinic at Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July 2021 to July 2023 were selected into this study.CAFXS was adopted to detect CGG repeats,AGG insertions of FMR1 gene,and single nucleotide variation (SNV),insertions/deletions(InDels),microdeletions within exon 1 of FMR1 gene.At the same time,trinucleotide repeat primer PCR (TP-PCR)combined with capillary electrophoresis(CE)was used to detect the CGG repeats,and were compared the detection results with CAFXS were compared.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital (2024KY-152).Informed consents were obtained from participants or their guardians.

Results

①The results of CAFXS and TP-PCR/CE for detecting FMR1 genotype were consistent.Among the 33 participants,there were 10 cases of full mutation,9 cases of pre-mutation,7 cases of intermediate type and 7 cases of normal type.②Among the 33 participants,CAFXS detected 73 AGG insertions in 33 subjects,involving 36 AGG insertion patterns,among which the highest frequency was 9A9A9(24.6%).③Among the 33 participants,CAFXS detected 9 cases (27.3%)of CGG repeats mosaicism,including pre-mutation/full-mutation mosaicism(6 cases),full-mutation mosaicism(2 cases)and normal mosaicism(1 case).④No rare SNV,InDel and microdeletions within exon 1 of FMR1 gene were detected in 33 subjects.

Conclusions

CAFXS could analyze FMR1 gene comprehensively and accurately,and could provide more genetic information for clinical practice.

图1 全突变型FXS患者(男性,年龄不祥,F25)的FMR1 基因检测图谱[图1A:TP-PCR/CE检测的CGG重复数结果图谱(“锯齿样”衰减峰为CGG 三引物扩增峰,每个扩增峰间距均约为3bp,黑色箭头所示单个扩增峰形为FMR1 基因全长扩增峰,并标识CGG重复数);图1B:FMR1 基因瀑布图(CAFXS检测示该例患者无AGG插入,黑色箭头所示为CGG重复数)] 注:FXS为脆性X 染色体综合征,TP-PCR/CE为三核苷核重复引物RCR 结合毛细管电泳,CAFXS为脆性X 染色体综合征综合分析方法,CCS为环形一致性测序
图2 全突变型受试者(女性,32岁,F33)的FMR1 基因检测图谱(该全突变型女性无FXS相关表型,推测由于X 染色体失活)[图2A:TP-PCR/CE检测CGG 重复数结果图谱(“锯齿样”衰减峰为CGG 三引物扩增峰,每个扩增峰间距约为3bp,黑色箭头所示单峰形为FMR1 基因全长扩增峰,并标识CGG 重复数);图2B:FMR1 基因瀑布图,CAFXS检测提示2处AGG 插入(橙色竖线处),黑色箭头所示为CGG 重复数] 注:FXS为脆性X 染色体综合征,TP-PCR/CE为三核苷核重复引物RCR 结合毛细管电泳,CAFXS为脆性X 染色体综合征综合分析方法,CCS为环形一致性测序
表1 本研究33例受试者的FMR1 基因的CGG 重复数及AGG 插入检测结果比较
编号 性别 家系成员 TP-PCR/CECGG重复数 CAFXSc 突变类型 分型一致性
CGG重复数 AGG排布
F1a - 36/60 36/60 9A9A6A9e;10A49 前突变型 一致
F2 - 29 29 9A9A9 正常型 一致
F3 - 57 56 9A11A34 前突变型 一致
F4 - 5 5 5 正常型 一致
F5 - 33/78 33/77 10A22;9A67 前突变型 一致
F6 - 36 36 9A9A6A9 正常型 一致
F7 - 40/46 40/46 9A30;9A36 中间型 一致
F8 - 29/80 29/79 9A9A9;9A11A57 前突变型 一致
F9 - 29/46 29/46 9A9A9;9A 中间型 一致
F10 - 33/51 33/51 9A6A6A9;10A44 中间型 一致
F11 - 29/45 29/45 9A9A9;9A9A6A8 中间型 一致
F12 - 29/46 29/46 9A9A9;9A 中间型 一致
F13 - 29/45 29/45 9A9A9;9A 中间型 一致
F14 - 29/53 29/53 9A9A9;9A9A6A9A6A9 中间型 一致
F15 - >200 332/739d 332;Xf 全突变型 一致
F16 - 29/>200 29/634 9A9A9;Xf 全突变型 一致
F17 - 181/>200d 182/248d 9A172;9AXf 全突变型 一致
F18 - 47/104/124/161/>200d 124/286d 124;9A276 全突变型 一致
家系1
F19 先证者母亲 33/87 33/87 10A22;9A77 前突变型 一致
F20 先证者 >200 280 9A270 全突变型 一致
F21 男胎 先证者母亲羊水 33 32/33d 10A21;10A22 正常型 一致
家系2
F22 女胎 先证者羊水 29/>200 29/303 9A9A9;303 全突变型 一致
F23 先证者 36/77 36/79 9A9A6A9;79 前突变型 一致
F24 先证者儿子 29 29 9A9A9 正常型 一致
家系3
F25 先证者父亲 73/>200d 73/233d 73;233 全突变型 一致
F26 先证者爷爷 29 29 9A9A9 正常型 一致
F27 先证者奶奶 30/59/78d 30/78 10A9A9;78 前突变型 一致
F28 先证者姑姑 29/30 29/30 9A9A9;10A9A9 正常型 一致
F29 先证者伯父 >200 261/513d 261;Xf 全突变型 一致
F30 先证者叔叔 50/94/>200d> 95/246/530d 95;246;Xf 全突变型 一致
F31 先证者 29/79 29/78 9A9A9;78 前突变型 一致
家系4
F32 先证者 122/174/>200d> 168/273d 168;273 全突变型 一致
F33 先证者母亲 29/96/>200d 29/94/255d 9A9A9;94;255 全突变型 一致
表2 本研究33例受试者的FMR1 基因的36种AGG 插入模式结果
表3 TP-PCR/CE和CAFXS检测方法比较
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