Early diagnosis of neonatal infectious brain injury

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2021.04.002

Neonatal infectious brain injury (IBI) refers to nervous system damage directly caused by various infectious factors or indirectly caused by inflammatory mediators during perinatal period. Neonatal IBI is also the main cause of neonatal death. The pathogenesis of neonatal IBI is still not clear yet, and it may be related to brain injury mediated by immune response, cytokines, free radicals, excitatory amino acids, and vulnerability of immature oligodendrocytes. At present, cranial imaging examinations and neuro-electrophysiological evaluations are important methods for early diagnosis of neonatal IBI. These diagnosis methods can evaluate overall brain functions of neonates, including cranial ultrasound, CT, MRI, and routine electroencephalogram, amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and nerve evoked potentials detection, etc..aEEG overcomes limitations of full-lead video electroencephalogram and can realize long-term monitoring of neonatal brain functions. It has advantages of simplicity, continuous monitoring at bedside, and easy analysis, which making it an important aid testing method in evaluation of neonatal IBI. The early diagnosis of neonatal IBI defined in this study refers to diagnosis within 1 week after neonatal infection occurrence. This article focuses on describing the latest research progresses in early diagnosis of neonatal IBI, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neonatal IBI.

Key words: Infection, Blood-borne pathogens, Ultrasonography, Cranial nerve injuries, Radiography, Diagnosis, computer-assisted, Electroencephalography, Imaging diagnosis, neuroelectrophysiology, Infant, newborn

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