Chinese Medical E-ournals Database
Adv Search
中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版)

Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (05): 527 -534. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2020.05.005

Special Issue: ；

Interpretation of ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Female Infertility (2020 Edition)

Xueying Han1, Chunyan Ma2, Yan Cheng3, Fan Yang4, Ling Min5, Zixing Huang6,†()   

  1. 1. Department of Medical Imaging, People′s Hospital of Karamay City (Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Karamay 834000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    2. Department of Ultrasonography, People′s Hospital of Karamay City (Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Karamay 834000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    3. Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    4. Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    6. Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-01 Revised:2020-09-15 Published:2020-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Zixing Huang
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project(2020YFQ0016)
HTML ( ) PDF ( )

The most common known causes of female infertility are male factor, ovulatory failure, and tubal damage, while some couple′s infertility remains unexplained. Female-specific causes of infertility include deterioration of oocyte quality, ovulatory disorders, history of salpingitis, endometriosis (EMS), and uterine cavity abnormalities. In May 2020, the American College of Radiology (ACR) released appropriateness criteria on female infertility. The above potential causes of female infertility were discussed in this document and the appropriateness of imaging examination technologies and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios were recommended.The authors of this study intend to briefly interpret the ACR′s recommendations to the first line imaging examination among 5 clinical variants in female infertility, such as abnormality of ovulatory function and ovarian reserve, clinical features or history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), history or clinical suspicion of EMS, suspicion of tubal occlusion, and recurrent pregnancy loss.

Key words: Infertility, female, Appropriateness criteria, Hysterosalpingography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ultrasonography, Endometriosis, Polycystic ovary syndrome
[1]
Gerrits T, Van Rooij F, Esho T, et al. Infertility in the global south: raising awareness and generating insights for policy and practice[J]. Facts Views Vis Obgyn, 2017, 9(1): 39-44.
[2]
Kurabayashi T, Mizunuma H, Kubota T, et al. Ovarian infertility is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in later life: a Japanese cross-sectional study[J]. Maturitas, 2016, 83: 33-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.08.015.
[3]
Inhorn MC, Patrizio P. Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century[J]. Hum Reprod Update, 2015, 21(4): 411-426. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv016.
[4]
Zhou Z, Zheng D, Wu H, et al. Epidemiology of infertility in China: a population-based study[J]. BJOG, 2018, 125(4): 432-441. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14966.
[5]
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion[J]. Fertil Steril, 2013, 99(1): 63. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023.
[6]
Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, de Mouzon J, et al. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009[J]. Fertil Steril, 2009, 92(5): 1520-1524. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009.
[7]
Healy DL, Trounson AO, Andersen AN. Female infertility: causes and treatment[J]. Lancet, 1994, 343(8912): 1539-1544. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92941-6.
[8]
Legro RS, Myers ER, Barnhart HX, et al. The pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome study: baseline characteristics of the randomized cohort including racial effects[J]. Fertil Steril, 2006, 86(4): 914-933. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.03.037.
[9]
Dewailly D, Lujan ME, Carmina E, et al. Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society[J]. Hum Reprod Update, 2014, 20(3): 334-352. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt061.
[10]
Villarroel C, Merino PM, López P, et al. Polycystic ovarian morphology in adolescents with regular menstrual cycles is associated with elevated anti-Mullerian hormone[J]. Hum Reprod, 2011, 26(10): 2861-2868. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der223.
[11]
D'Hooghe TM, Debrock S, Hill JA, et al. Endometriosis and subfertility: is the relationship resolved？[J]. Semin Reprod Med, 2003, 21(2): 243-254. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41330.
[12]
Woodward PJ, Sohaey R, Mezzetti TP Jr. Endometriosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation[J]. Radiographics, 2001, 21(1): 193-216; questionnaire 288-294. DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.21.1.g01ja14193.
[13]
Spaczynski RZ, Duleba AJ. Diagnosis of endometriosis[J]. Semin Reprod Med, 2003, 21(2): 193-208. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41326.
[14]
Simpson WL Jr, Beitia LG, Mester J. Hysterosalpingography: a reemerging study[J]. Radiographics, 2006, 26(2): 419-431. DOI: 10.1148/rg.262055109.
[15]
Stephenson M, Kutteh W. Evaluation and management of recurrent early pregnancy loss[J]. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2007, 50(1): 132-145. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31802f1c28.
[16]
March CM, Israel R, March AD. Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine adhesions[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1978, 130(6): 653-657. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(78)90322-8.
[17]
Expert Panel on Women′s Imaging, Wall DJ, Reinhold C, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® female infertility[J]. J Am Coll Radiol, 2020, 17(5S): S113-S124. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.01.018.
[18]
de Crespigny LC, O′Herlihy C, Robinson HP. Ultrasonic observation of the mechanism of human ovulation[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1981, 139(6): 636-639. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90476-2.
[19]
Hendriks DJ, Mol BW, Bancsi LF, et al. Antral follicle count in the prediction of poor ovarian response and pregnancy after in vitro fertilization: a Meta-analysis and comparison with basal follicle-stimulating hormone level[J]. Fertil Steril, 2005, 83(2): 291-301. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.10.011.
[20]
Sharara FI, McClamrock HD. The effect of aging on ovarian volume measurements in infertile women[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 1999, 94(1): 57-60. DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00242-2.
[21]
Leonhardt H, Hellström M, Gull B, et al. Ovarian morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome and associations with antimüllerian hormone, free testosterone, and glucose disposal rate[J]. Fertil Steril, 2014, 101(6): 1747-1756.e1-e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.022.
[22]
Brown M, Park AS, Shayya RF, et al. Ovarian imaging by magnetic resonance in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and age-matched controls[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013, 38(3): 689-693. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23992.
[23]
Zaidi J, Campbell S, Pittrof R, et al. Ovarian stromal blood flow in women with polycystic ovaries—a possible new marker for diagnosis？[J]. Hum Reprod, 1995, 10(8): 1992-1996. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136222.
[24]
Pache TD, Wladimiroff JW, Hop WC, et al. How to discriminate between normal and polycystic ovaries: transvaginal US study[J]. Radiology, 1992, 183(2): 421-423. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.183.2.1561343.
[25]
Fondin M, Rachas A, Huynh V, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents: which MR imaging-based diagnostic criteria？[J]. Radiology, 2017, 285(3): 961-970. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161513.
[26]
Senapati S, Barnhart K. Managing endometriosis-associated infertility[J]. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2011, 54(4): 720-726. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182353e06.
[27]
Benacerraf BR, Groszmann Y, Hornstein MD, et al. Deep infiltrating endometriosis of the bowel wall: the comet sign[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2015, 34(3): 537-542. DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.3.537.
[28]
Saba L, Guerriero S, Sulcis R, et al. MRI and " tenderness guided" transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of recto-sigmoid endometriosis[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2012, 35(2): 352-360. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22832.
[29]
Hudelist G, English J, Thomas AE, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for non-invasive diagnosis of bowel endometriosis: systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2011, 37(3): 257-263. DOI: 10.1002/uog.8858.
[30]
Abrao MS, Gonçalves MO, Dias JA Jr, et al. Comparison between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis[J]. Hum Reprod, 2007, 22(12): 3092-3097. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem187.
[31]
Patel MD, Feldstein VA, Chen DC, et al. Endometriomas: diagnostic performance of US[J]. Radiology, 1999, 210(3): 739-745. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.210.3.r99fe61739.
[32]
Berger JP, Rhemrev J, Smeets M, et al. Limited added value of magnetic resonance imaging after dynamic transvaginal ultrasound for preoperative staging of endometriosis in daily practice: a prospective cohort study[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2019, 38(4): 989-996. DOI: 10.1002/jum.14783.
[33]
Macario S, Chassang M, Novellas S, et al. The value of pelvic MRI in the diagnosis of posterior cul-de-sac obliteration in cases of deep pelvic endometriosis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012, 199(6): 1410-1415. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.11.7898.
[34]
Fedele L, Bianchi S, Portuese A, et al. Transrectal ultrasonography in the assessment of rectovaginal endometriosis[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 1998, 91(3): 444-448. DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00688-1.
[35]
Carbognin G, Guarise A, Minelli L, et al. Pelvic endometriosis: US and MRI features[J]. Abdom Imaging, 2004, 29(5): 609-618. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-003-0152-5.
[36]
Alborzi S, Rasekhi A, Shomali Z, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging, transvaginal, and transrectal ultrasonography in deep infiltrating endometriosis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(8): e9536. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009536.
[37]
O′Neill MJ. Sonohysterography[J]. Radiol Clin North Am, 2003, 41(4): 781-797. DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00038-1.
[38]
Corwin MT, Gerscovich EO, Lamba R, et al. Differentiation of ovarian endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts at MR imaging: utility of the T2 dark spot sign[J]. Radiology, 2014, 271(1): 126-132. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13131394.
[39]
Imaoka I, Wada A, Matsuo M, et al. MR imaging of disorders associated with female infertility: use in diagnosis, treatment, and management[J]. Radiographics, 2003, 23(6): 1401-1421. DOI: 10.1148/rg.236025115.
[40]
Togashi K, Nishimura K, Kimura I, et al. Endometrial cysts: diagnosis with MR imaging[J]. Radiology, 1991, 180(1): 73-78. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.180.1.2052726.
[41]
Sugimura K, Okizuka H, Imaoka I, et al. Pelvic endometriosis: detection and diagnosis with chemical shift MR imaging[J]. Radiology, 1993, 188(2): 435-438. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.188.2.8327693.
[42]
Guerriero S, Alcázar JL, Pascual MA, et al. Deep infiltrating endometriosis: comparison between 2-dimensional ultrasonography (US), 3-dimensional US, and magnetic resonance imaging[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2018, 37(6): 1511-1521. DOI: 10.1002/jum.14496.
[43]
Bazot M, Darai E, Hourani R, et al. Deep pelvic endometriosis: MR imaging for diagnosis and prediction of extension of disease[J]. Radiology, 2004, 232(2): 379-389. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2322030762.
[44]
Mohiyiddeen L, Hardiman A, Fitzgerald C, et al. Tubal flushing for subfertility[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, (5): CD003718. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003718.pub4.
[45]
Roest I, van Welie N, Mijatovic V, et al. Complications after hysterosalpingography with oil- or water-based contrast: results of a nationwide survey[J]. Hum Reprod Open, 2020, 2020(1): hoz045. DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoz045.
[46]
Swart P, Mol BW, van der Veen F, et al. The accuracy of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of tubal pathology: a Meta-analysis[J]. Fertil Steril, 1995, 64(3): 486-491. DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57781-4.
[47]
Sokalska A, Timmerman D, Testa AC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound examination for assigning a specific diagnosis to adnexal masses[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2009, 34(4): 462-470. DOI: 10.1002/uog.6444.
[48]
Schlief R, Deichert U. Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography of the uterus and fallopian tubes: results of a clinical trial of a new contrast medium in 120 patients[J]. Radiology, 1991, 178(1): 213-215. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.178.1.1824581.
[49]
Luciano DE, Exacoustos C, Luciano AA. Contrast ultrasonography for tubal patency[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2014, 21(6): 994-998. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.05.017.
[50]
Groszmann YS, Benacerraf BR. Complete evaluation of anatomy and morphology of the infertile patient in a single visit; the modern infertility pelvic ultrasound examination[J]. Fertil Steril, 2016, 105(6): 1381-1393. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.026.
[51]
Moro F, Tropea A, Selvaggi L, et al. Hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (HyCoSy) in the assessment of tubal patency in endometriosis patients[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2015, 186: 22-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.12.013.
[52]
Ludwin I, Ludwin A, Wiechec M, et al. Accuracy of hysterosalpingo-foam sonography in comparison to hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with air/saline and to laparoscopy with dye[J]. Hum Reprod, 2017, 32(4): 758-769. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex013.
[53]
Piccioni MG, Riganelli L, Filippi V, et al. Sonohysterosalpingography: comparison of foam and saline solution[J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 2017, 45(2): 67-71. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22412.
[54]
Czeyda-Pommersheim F, Kalb B, Costello J, et al. MRI in pelvic inflammatory disease: a pictorial review[J]. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2017, 42(3): 935-950. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-1004-4.
[55]
Loverro G, Nappi L, Vicino M, et al. Uterine cavity assessment in infertile women: comparison of transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2001, 100(1): 67-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(01)00434-1.
[56]
Salle B, Gaucherand P, de Saint Hilaire P, et al. Transvaginal sonohysterographic evaluation of intrauterine adhesions[J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 1999, 27(3): 131-134. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0096(199903/04)27:3<131::aid-jcu5>3.0.co;2-3.
[57]
Bermejo C, Martínez Ten P, Cantarero R, et al. Three-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and concordance with magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 35(5): 593-601. DOI: 10.1002/uog.7551.
[58]
Bocca SM, Abuhamad AZ. Use of 3-dimensional sonography to assess uterine anomalies[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2013, 32(1): 1-6. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2013.32.1.1.
[59]
El-Sherbiny W, Nasr AS. Value of 3-dimensional sonohysterography in infertility work-up[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2011, 18(1): 54-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.08.697.
[60]
Ludwin A, Pityński K, Ludwin I, et al. Two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography and sonohysterography versus hysteroscopy with laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis of septate, bicornuate, and arcuate uteri[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2013, 20(1): 90-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.09.011.
[61]
Deutch TD, Abuhamad AZ. The role of 3-dimensional ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of müllerian duct anomalies: a review of the literature[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2008, 27(3): 413-423. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2008.27.3.413.
[62]
Knopman J, Copperman AB. Value of 3D ultrasound in the management of suspected Asherman′s syndrome[J]. J Reprod Med, 2007, 52(11): 1016-1022.
[63]
Cil AP, Tulunay G, Kose MF, et al. Power Doppler properties of endometrial polyps and submucosal fibroids: a preliminary observational study in women with known intracavitary lesions[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 35(2): 233-237. DOI: 10.1002/uog.7470.
[64]
Sharma K, Bora MK, Venkatesh BP, et al. Role of 3D ultrasound and doppler in differentiating clinically suspected cases of leiomyoma and adenomyosis of uterus[J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2015, 9(4): QC08-QC12. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12240.5846.
[65]
Acholonu UC, Silberzweig J, Stein DE, et al. Hysterosalpingography versus sonohysterography for intrauterine abnormalities[J]. JSLS, 2011, 15(4): 471-474. DOI: 10.4293/108680811X13176785203923.
[66]
Soares SR, Barbosa dos Reis MM, Camargos AF. Diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography, transvaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography in patients with uterine cavity diseases[J]. Fertil Steril, 2000, 73(2): 406-411. DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00532-4.
[67]
El-Sherbiny W, El-Mazny A, Abou-Salem N, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of two- vs three-dimensional sonohysterography for evaluation of the uterine cavity in the reproductive age[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2015, 22(1): 127-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.779.
[68]
Yoder IC. Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: relative accuracy of MR imaging, endovaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography[J]. Radiology, 1992, 185(2): 343; discussion 344. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.185.2.1410336.
[69]
Bacelar AC, Wilcock D, Powell M, et al. The value of MRI in the assessment of traumatic intra-uterine adhesions (Asherman′s syndrome)[J]. Clin Radiol, 1995, 50(2): 80-83. DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(05)82984-8.
[70]
Sadowski EA, Ochsner JE, Riherd JM, et al. MR hysterosalpingography with an angiographic time-resolved 3D pulse sequence: assessment of tubal patency[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008, 191(5): 1381-1385. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.3957.
[71]
Silberzweig JE. MR hysterosalpingography compared with conventional hysterosalpingography[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 192(6): W350. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.08.2171.
[1] Shujie Wei, Pinjing Hui, Yafang Ding, Bai Zhang, Yanhong Yan, Peng Zhou, Yabo Huang. Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion undergoing superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(10): 1046-1055.
[2] Xuan Zhang, Yutong Ma, Yuqian Miao, Yun Zhang, Shiwen Wu, Xiaochu Dang, Yingying Chen, Zhaoming Zhong, Xuejuan Wang, Miao Hu, Yanfeng Sun, Xiuzhu Ma, Faqin Lyu, Haiyan Kou. Ultrasound assessment of diaphragm function in pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(10): 1068-1073.
[3] Lianhua Zhu, Xiang Fei, Peng Han, Bo Jiang, Nan Li, Yukun Luo. Value of high frame rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of gallbladder polyp lesions[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(09): 904-910.
[4] Meifang Zhang, Ying Tan, Qiaozhen Zhu, Xin Wen, Ying Yuan, Yue Qin, Hongbo Guo, Lingxiu Hou, Wenlan Huang, Guiyan Peng, Shengli Li. Artificial intelligence-based quality control of mid-sagittal plane ultrasound images for first trimester fetal crown-rump length[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(09): 945-950.
[5] Jiajia Liu, Chenghua Wang, Xujiao Chen, Yuanling Liu, Shanyu Wang, Haihua Qu, Li Zhang. Risk factors for pain in patients undergoing transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(09): 959-965.
[6] Ruina Zhao, Yuxin Jiang, Tao Chen, Li Zhang, Cheng Chen, Siqi Jin, Xueqi Chen, Xiao Yang, Jianchu Li. Present status and reform demands of continuing medical education for ultrasonic physicians in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(09): 966-973.
[7] Yuhan Zhou, Huan Xiao, Chunjiang Yang, Juan Zhou, Lirong Zhu, Juan Xu, Fangting Mou. Diagnostic value of ultrasound in children with temporary hip synovitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(08): 795-800.
[8] Huanyan Liu, Yang Hua, Lingyun Jia, Xinyu Zhao, Beibei Liu. Lumen structure and hemodynamic characteristics of occluded internal carotid artery[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(08): 809-815.
[9] Lianlian Zhang, Pinjing Hui, Yafang Ding. Clinical value of carotid Doppler ultrasonography in assessing vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(08): 816-821.
[10] Yaping Jia, Shu'e Zeng. Ultrasound and pathological characteristics of breast metaplastic carcinoma containing squamous cell carcinoma components[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(08): 844-848.
[11] Bo Kong, Jing Zhang, Ke Lyu. Review on the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of complex ventral hernia[J]. Chinese Journal of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 670-673.
[12] Mei Liao, Hongjun Zhang, Jieyang Jin, Yan Lyu, Jie Ren. Diagnostic value of bedside contrast-enhanced ultrasound for early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 630-634.
[13] Tianchi Yang, Wei Han, Feng Qiu, Jiahui Qi. Evaluation of pancreatic texture by intraoperative ultrasonic elastography[J]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 646-650.
[14] Yu Han, Wu Zhang, Anqi Li, Wenying Chen, Sidong Xie. Diagnostic value of MRI Liver Image Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-cirrhotic hepatitis B[J]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 669-673.
[15] Dingran Wang, Hongbin Chi. Effects of autoimmune thyroiditis on embryo transfer outcomes in patients with endometriosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 682-688.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Copyright © Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Medical Multimedia Press  京ICP备14006079号-1  网络出版服务许可证：(署)网出证(京)字第075号