Current research progresses of endoplasmic reticulum stress, Wolframin protein and pregnancy-related diseases

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2020.04.001

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the core of cellular stress response. It can be classified into acute ERS and chronic ERS depending on the duration of ERS. Besides, it also can be divided into unfolded protein reaction (UPR), endoplasmic reticulum overload response (EOR), and sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) according to the different inducements of ERS. Wolframin protein, an resident membrane glycoprotein of endoplasmic reticulum, plays a key role in regulating ERS to maintain endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by affecting both gene transcription and protein translation. At present, researches on ERS are mainly focused on ischemia, hypoxia, glucose deficiency, lipid overload, calcium ion disorder, etc., while researches on Wolframin proteins are mainly focused on the typical diseases of Wolfram syndrome including diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and bipolar disorder. In the field of perinatal medicine, ERS is closely related to pregnancy-related complications. However, due to stagnation of methodology, there are few researches about ERS and pregnancy-related diseases, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Hence, we report the latest related research of the classification of ERS, the relationship between Wolframin proteins and ERS, the corresponding signaling pathways mediated by ERS, and corresponding regulatory role of Wolframin proteins in the above signaling pathways, in order to provide a new direction for the pathophysiological mechanism of pregnance-related diseases.

Key words: Endoplasmic reticulum, Endoplasmic reticulum stress, Wolfram syndrome, Wolframin protein

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