Clinical application of neonatal screening test of pulse oxygen saturation at county, township and village level hospitals

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2019.04.013

Objective

To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of early detection of neonatal infection and pulmonary disease by pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) screening at county, township and village level hospitals in western area of China with relatively short of resources.

Methods

A total of 15 720 newborns without obvious abnormal clinical manifestations from September 2015 to June 2017 who were born at 14 county and village level hospitals in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province such as People′s Hospital of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Santai County, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Youxian District, etc., were chosen as research subjects. At 12 h after birth, SpO₂ screening was implemented. The first screening result was negative, then the second screening would be done at 48 h after birth, on the contrary, then that second screening was not done. Newborns those who had positive screening results were transfered to Department of Neonatology, in order to clarify the presence of critical congenital heart disease by echocardiography. The causes of hypoxemia in neonates without critical congenital heart disease were further analyzed by clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results. This study was in line with World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2013, and informed contents were obtained from guardians of all participates.

Results

① Among 15 720 neonates of this study, a total of 34 cases had a positive screening results of SpO₂, positive rate of screening test of SpO₂ was 0.2%. ②Among 34 cases with screening positive results of SpO₂, there were critical congenital heart disease, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, pneumothorax and wet lung of newborns of 6, 19, 5, 3 cases and 1 case, respectively. All 28 neonates with hypoxemia who were not caused by heart disease were immediately transferred to Department of Neonatology for timely and effective treatment, and all discharged from hospital after recovery.

Conclusions

In primary level hospitals, routine screening test of SpO₂ to newborns within 48 h after birth, may helpful for eraly find neonate with critical congenital heart disease and other causes of hypoxemia to take timely and effective treatment measures. Operation of neonatal screening test of SpO₂ is simple and its equipment cost is low. Clinical application of neonatal screening test of SpO₂ shows an advantage in primary level hospitals widely.

Key words: Oximetry, Neonatal screening, Anoxia, Congenital heart disease, Pneumonia, Infant, newborn

表1 本研究15 720例受试儿一般临床资料比较[例数(%)]

一般临床资料		构成比	一般临床资料		构成比
性别		?	民族		?
?	男	7 077(45.0)	?	汉族	14 512(92.3)
?	女	8 643(55.0)	?	羌族	1 208(7.7)
出生体重(g)		?	出生胎龄(周)		?
?	<2 500	478(3.0)	?	>35～40	12 740(81.0)
?	2 500～4 000	14 934(95.0)	?	>40	2 980(19.0)
?	>4 000	308(2.0)	?	?	?

表1 本研究15 720例受试儿一般临床资料比较[例数(%)]

一般临床资料		构成比	一般临床资料		构成比
性别		?	民族		?
?	男	7 077(45.0)	?	汉族	14 512(92.3)
?	女	8 643(55.0)	?	羌族	1 208(7.7)
出生体重(g)		?	出生胎龄(周)		?
?	<2 500	478(3.0)	?	>35～40	12 740(81.0)
?	2 500～4 000	14 934(95.0)	?	>40	2 980(19.0)
?	>4 000	308(2.0)	?	?	?

表2 本研究28例非心脏因素所致低氧血症的脉搏血氧饱和度筛查结果呈阳性患儿病例资料

编号	诊断	生后SpO₂筛查结果呈阳性的时间(h)	SpO₂(%，最小值～最大值)	超声心动图检查结果
患儿1	新生儿肺炎	12	88～92	动脉导管未闭
患儿2	新生儿肺炎	12	89～90	正常
患儿3	新生儿肺炎	12	92～94	正常
患儿4	新生儿肺炎	12	91～94	正常
患儿5	新生儿败血症	12	91～93	卵圆孔未闭
患儿6	新生儿气胸	12	93～94	动脉导管未闭
患儿7	新生儿肺炎	12	90～93	房间隔缺损(3 mm)
患儿8	新生儿肺炎	12	91～91	正常
患儿9	新生儿肺炎	12	87～89	卵圆孔未闭
患儿10	新生儿肺炎	12	84～86	正常
患儿11	新生儿肺炎	12	91～92	动脉导管未闭
患儿12	新生儿湿肺	12	90～93	正常
患儿13	新生儿败血症	12	88～90	动脉导管未闭
患儿14	新生儿气胸	12	90～92	正常
患儿15	新生儿肺炎	12	90～94	卵圆孔未闭
患儿16	新生儿败血症	12	91～95	正常
患儿17	新生儿气胸	12	93～95	正常
患儿18	新生儿肺炎	12	87～87	卵圆孔未闭
患儿19	新生儿肺炎	12	86～90	正常
患儿20	新生儿肺炎	12	85～88	动脉导管未闭
患儿21	新生儿败血症	12	90～91	正常
患儿22	新生儿肺炎	12	89～92	卵圆孔未闭
患儿23	新生儿肺炎	12	88～90	卵圆孔未闭
患儿24	新生儿败血症	48	94～94	动脉导管未闭
患儿25	新生儿肺炎	48	88～89	正常
患儿26	新生儿肺炎	48	88～90	动脉导管未闭
患儿27	新生儿肺炎	48	90～91	正常
患儿28	新生儿肺炎	48	89～92	正常

表2 本研究28例非心脏因素所致低氧血症的脉搏血氧饱和度筛查结果呈阳性患儿病例资料

编号	诊断	生后SpO₂筛查结果呈阳性的时间(h)	SpO₂(%，最小值～最大值)	超声心动图检查结果
患儿1	新生儿肺炎	12	88～92	动脉导管未闭
患儿2	新生儿肺炎	12	89～90	正常
患儿3	新生儿肺炎	12	92～94	正常
患儿4	新生儿肺炎	12	91～94	正常
患儿5	新生儿败血症	12	91～93	卵圆孔未闭
患儿6	新生儿气胸	12	93～94	动脉导管未闭
患儿7	新生儿肺炎	12	90～93	房间隔缺损(3 mm)
患儿8	新生儿肺炎	12	91～91	正常
患儿9	新生儿肺炎	12	87～89	卵圆孔未闭
患儿10	新生儿肺炎	12	84～86	正常
患儿11	新生儿肺炎	12	91～92	动脉导管未闭
患儿12	新生儿湿肺	12	90～93	正常
患儿13	新生儿败血症	12	88～90	动脉导管未闭
患儿14	新生儿气胸	12	90～92	正常
患儿15	新生儿肺炎	12	90～94	卵圆孔未闭
患儿16	新生儿败血症	12	91～95	正常
患儿17	新生儿气胸	12	93～95	正常
患儿18	新生儿肺炎	12	87～87	卵圆孔未闭
患儿19	新生儿肺炎	12	86～90	正常
患儿20	新生儿肺炎	12	85～88	动脉导管未闭
患儿21	新生儿败血症	12	90～91	正常
患儿22	新生儿肺炎	12	89～92	卵圆孔未闭
患儿23	新生儿肺炎	12	88～90	卵圆孔未闭
患儿24	新生儿败血症	48	94～94	动脉导管未闭
患儿25	新生儿肺炎	48	88～89	正常
患儿26	新生儿肺炎	48	88～90	动脉导管未闭
患儿27	新生儿肺炎	48	90～91	正常
患儿28	新生儿肺炎	48	89～92	正常

表3 本研究6例脉搏血氧饱和度筛查结果呈阳性的危重型先天性心脏病患儿病例资料

编号	生后SpO₂筛查结果呈阳性的时间(h)	SpO₂(%，最小值～最大值)	超声心动图检查结果	编号	生后SpO₂筛查结果呈阳性的时间(h)	SpO₂(%,最小值～最大值)	超声心动图检查结果
患儿1	12	90～92	肺动脉闭锁	患儿4	12	89～90	肺动脉闭锁
患儿2	12	83～85	完全性大动脉转位	患儿5	12	88～89	肺动脉闭锁
患儿3	12	87～88	主动脉弓离段	患儿6	48	89～93	肺动脉狭窄合并室间隔缺损

表3 本研究6例脉搏血氧饱和度筛查结果呈阳性的危重型先天性心脏病患儿病例资料

编号	生后SpO₂筛查结果呈阳性的时间(h)	SpO₂(%，最小值～最大值)	超声心动图检查结果	编号	生后SpO₂筛查结果呈阳性的时间(h)	SpO₂(%,最小值～最大值)	超声心动图检查结果
患儿1	12	90～92	肺动脉闭锁	患儿4	12	89～90	肺动脉闭锁
患儿2	12	83～85	完全性大动脉转位	患儿5	12	88～89	肺动脉闭锁
患儿3	12	87～88	主动脉弓离段	患儿6	48	89～93	肺动脉狭窄合并室间隔缺损

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