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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (06) : 634 -642. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.06.005

论著

妊娠合并恶性肿瘤的临床特征及母儿结局
刘琪1, 顾宁2, 杨玲2, 周燕2, 芮燕京2, 戴毅敏1,2,()   
  1. 1南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院妇产科,南京 210008
    2南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院妇产科,南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 戴毅敏

Clinical characteristics and maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnancy complicated by malignancy

Qi Liu1, Ning Gu2, Ling Yang2, Yan Zhou2, Yanjing Rui2, Yimin Dai1,2,()   

  1. 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
    2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-07-18 Revised:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Yimin Dai
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2701601)
引用本文:

刘琪, 顾宁, 杨玲, 周燕, 芮燕京, 戴毅敏. 妊娠合并恶性肿瘤的临床特征及母儿结局[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(06): 634-642.

Qi Liu, Ning Gu, Ling Yang, Yan Zhou, Yanjing Rui, Yimin Dai. Clinical characteristics and maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnancy complicated by malignancy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(06): 634-642.

目的

探讨妊娠合并恶性肿瘤孕妇的临床特征及母儿结局。

方法

选择2020年1月至2024年12月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院分娩的30 455例单胎妊娠孕妇为研究对象。其中妊娠合并恶性肿瘤患者为385例,无妊娠合并恶性肿瘤孕妇为30 070例。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)法,以年龄、孕次、产次、慢性高血压、孕前糖尿病、孕前人体质量指数(BMI)≥28 kg/m2及辅助生殖史为协变量,按照1∶4比例进行匹配后,按照是否为妊娠合并恶性肿瘤孕妇,将其分为研究组(n=384,妊娠合并恶性肿瘤孕妇)与对照组(n=1 533例,无妊娠合并恶性肿瘤孕妇)。再将研究组进一步根据恶性肿瘤确诊时间,分为孕前亚组(n=367,孕前确诊为恶性肿瘤孕妇)和孕期亚组(n=18,孕期或产褥期确诊者)。回顾性分析各组孕妇的临床特征及母儿结局。本研究遵循的程序获南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院医学伦理委员会的审批(伦理号:2025-0873-01)。因本研究为回顾性单中心队列研究,所有参与研究的孕妇均免除知情同意。

结果

①妊娠合并恶性肿瘤发生率为1.26%(385/30 455),并且呈逐年上升趋势(χ2趋势=33.61,P<0.001),以甲状腺癌最常见(77.9%,300/385)。②与对照组比较,研究组孕妇分娩孕龄及胎膜早破(PROM)发生率均更低,重症监护病房(ICU)入住率及产后输血率均更高,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),母儿其余妊娠结局比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③在研究组中,孕期亚组较孕前亚组分娩孕龄更低,分娩前血红蛋白(Hb)水平<110 g/L占比、ICU入住率及产后输血率均更高,新生儿出生体重更低,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。④孕期亚组18例孕妇中,孕期接受化疗或手术治疗者为6例,死亡为1例,分娩新生儿均存活。

结论

妊娠合并恶性肿瘤发生率呈逐年上升趋势。孕前确诊并经规范治疗、病情稳定后妊娠者母儿结局总体良好,而孕期确诊者母儿结局相对较差。对妊娠合并恶性肿瘤孕妇应强化早期识别和多学科协作规范管理,改善母儿预后。

Objective

To explore the clinical characteristics and maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with malignant tumors.

Methods

A total of 30 455 women with singleton pregnancies who delivered at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School between January 2020 and December 2024 were enrolled in this study, including 385 cases complicated by malignancy. According to the presence or absence of malignancy, participants were divided into a malignancy group (n=385) and a control group (n=30 070). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a ratio of 1∶4 using age, gravidity, parity, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2, and history of assisted reproductive technology as covariates. The malignancy group was further stratified by the timing of cancer diagnosis into a pre-pregnancy subgroup (n=367, malignancy diagnosed before pregnancy) and a pregnancy-associated subgroup (n=18, malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy or the puerperium). The clinical characteristics and maternal–fetal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for all groups. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated of Hospital Nanjing University Medical School (Approval No. 2025-0873-01). As this was a retrospective single-center cohort study, the requirement for informed consent was waived.

Results

①The incidence of pregnancy complicated by malignancy was 1.26% (385/30 455) and showed a significant increasing trend over the study period (χ2trend=33.61, P<0.001), with thyroid cancer being the most common type (77.9%, 300/385). After propensity score matching, 384 women were included in the malignancy group and 1 533 in the control group. ②Compared with the control group, women in the malignancy group had a significantly lower gestational age at delivery and a lower incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), but significantly higher rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and postpartum blood transfusion (P<0.05); no significant differences were observed in other maternal or neonatal outcomes (P>0.05). ③Within the malignancy group, women diagnosed during pregnancy had a lower gestational age at delivery, higher proportions of pre-delivery hemoglobin levels <110 g/L, higher ICU admission and transfusion rates, and lower neonatal birth weight than those diagnosed before pregnancy (P<0.001). ④Among the 18 women diagnosed with malignancy during pregnancy, six received chemotherapy or surgical treatment during pregnancy, one maternal death occurred, and all neonates survived.

Conclusions

The incidence of pregnancy complicated by malignancy has shown an increasing trend over recent years. Women who were diagnosed before pregnancy and conceived after completing standard treatment with stable disease generally had favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, whereas those diagnosed during pregnancy tended to have poorer outcomes. Early identification and multidisciplinary standardized management are therefore essential for improving maternal and neonatal prognosis in women with pregnancy complicated by malignancy.

图1 2020-2024年妊娠合并恶性肿瘤不同组织来源发生率的分布堆积柱状图
表1 本研究385例妊娠合并恶性肿瘤患者的恶性肿瘤组织来源分类比较[例数(%)]
表2 研究组与对照组患者PSM后一般临床资料比较
表3 孕前亚组和孕期亚组孕妇的一般临床资料比较
表4 研究组和对照组妊娠并发症及母儿结局比较[例数(%)]
组别 例数 分娩孕龄[周,M(Q1Q3)] 分娩孕龄<37孕周[例数(%)] 剖宫产术分娩[例数(%)] PROM[例数(%)] GDM[例数(%)] 孕期高血压疾病[例数(%)]
32~36+6孕周 <32孕周 合计
研究组 384 39.0(38.3,39.6) 34(6.9) 11(2.9) 45(11.7) 149(38.8) 54(14.1) 56(14.6) 25(6.5)
对照组 1 533 39.1(38.3,39.9) 105(6.9) 28(1.8) 133(8.7) 580(37.8) 292(19.1) 219(14.3) 137(8.9)
统计量   Z=-2.85 χ2=0.03 χ2=3.38 χ2=0.03 χ2=5.16 χ2=0.02 χ2=2.34
P   0.004 0.867 0.066 0.867 0.023 0.882 0.126
组别 例数 分娩前Hb<110 g/L[例数(%)] ICP[例数(%)] 妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退[例数(%)] 妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进[例数(%)] 胎儿生长受限[例数(%)] 产后24 h出血量[mL,M(Q1Q3)] PPH[例数(%)] 入住ICU[例数(%)]
研究组 384 22(5.7) 5(1.3) 49(14.6) 2(0.5) 28(7.3) 397(287,514) 54(14.1) 3(0.8)
对照组 1 533 70(4.6) 17(1.1) 179(11.7) 21(1.4) 139(9.1) 390(280,520) 211(13.8) 1(0.1)
统计量   χ2=0.91 χ2=0.002 χ2=2.41 χ2=1.22 χ2=1.22 Z=-0.79 χ2=0.03 a
P   0.340 0.960 0.120 0.269 0.270 0.430 0.865 0.027
组别 例数 产后输血[例数(%)] 新生儿出生体重[g,M(Q1Q3)] SGA儿[例数(%)] LGA儿[例数(%)] 新生儿生后5 min Apgar评分≤7分[例数(%)] 出生缺陷[例数(%)] 死胎[例数(%)]
研究组 384 6(1.6) 3 250(2 930,3 480) 60(15.6) 47(12.2) 2(0.5) 2(0.5) 0(0)
对照组 1 533 6(0.4) 3 260(2 980,3 550) 213(13.9) 205(13.4) 14(0.9) 7(0.5) 3(0.2)
统计量   χ2=5.02 Z=-1.35 χ2=0.75 χ2=0.35 χ2=0.20 a a
P   0.025 0.178 0.385 0.557 0.658 >0.999 >0.999
表5 孕前亚组和孕期亚组孕妇妊娠并发症及母儿结局比较
组别 例数 分娩孕龄[周,M (Q1Q3)] 分娩孕龄<37孕周[例数(%)] 剖宫产术分娩[例数(%)] PROM[例数(%)] GDM[例数(%)] 孕期高血压疾病[例数(%)]
32~36+6孕周 <32孕周 合计
孕前亚组 366 39.1(38.3,39.6) 26(7.1) 9(2.5) 35(9.6) 138(37.6) 53(14.5) 53(14.5) 25(6.8)
孕期亚组 18 36.0(33.9,38.9) 8(44.4) 2(11.1) 10(55.6) 11(61.1) 1(5.6) 4(22.2) 0(0)
统计量   Z=-3.90 χ2=0.14 χ2=30.77 χ2=4.08 χ2=0.51 χ2=0.36 χ2=0.43
P   <0.001 <0.001 0.710 0.130 0.474 0.549 0.511
组别 例数 分娩前Hb<110 g/L[例数(%)] ICP[例数(%)] 妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退[例数(%)] 妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进[例数(%)] 胎儿生长受限[例数(%)] 产后24 h出血量[mL,M (Q1Q3)] PPH[例数(%)]
孕前亚组 366 15(4.1) 5(1.4) 53(14.5) 2(0.6) 28(7.7) 395(287,507) 50(13.6)
孕期亚组 18 7(38.9) 0(0) 3(16.7) 0(0) 0(0) 455(340,650) 4(23.5)
统计量   χ2=32.38 a a a χ2=0.57 χ2=1.19 χ2=0.62
P   <0.001 >0.999 >0.999 >0.999 0.451 0.236 0.432
组别 例数 入住ICU[例数(%)] 产后输血[例数(%)] 新生儿出生体重[g,M (Q1Q3)] SGA儿[例数(%)] LGA儿[例数(%)] 新生儿生后5 minApgar评分≤7分[例数(%)] 出生缺陷[例数(%)]b
孕前亚组 366 3(16.7) 1(0.3) 3 258(2 960, 3 488) 58(15.9) 45(12.3) 2(0.6) 2(0.6)
孕期亚组 18 0(0) 5(27.8) 3 003(2 215, 3 309) 2(11.1) 2(11.1) 0(0) 0(0)
统计量   a a Z=-2.67 χ2=0.04 a a a
P   <0.001 <0.001 0.008 0.835 >0.999 >0.999 >0.999
表6 孕期亚组中18例被诊断为孕期合并恶性肿瘤孕妇的诊治情况和母儿结局
序号 年龄(岁) 肿瘤类型 确诊时妊娠时间(周) 分娩孕龄(周) 分娩/产时手术方式 孕期肿瘤治疗方案 产后严重并发症 新生儿转入NICU 新生儿并发症a
1 29 宫颈癌,FIGO临床分期ⅠB2期 17+2 35+2 剖宫产术/广泛全子宫切除术+淋巴结清扫术 紫杉醇+顺铂化疗4个疗程 SPPH 17 d NRDS、肺炎
2 36 肺腺癌Ⅳ期 产褥期 36+1 剖宫产术/— 7 d 感染
3 32 甲状腺癌 产褥期 39+5 自然分娩/—
4 38 卵黄囊瘤 产褥期 34+3 剖宫产术/全子宫切除术+盆腹腔肿瘤切除术 SPPH 12 d NRDS、肺炎
5 33 宫颈癌,FIGO临床分期ⅠB2期 28 35+6 剖宫产术/广泛全子宫术+淋巴结清扫术 紫杉醇+卡铂化疗2个疗程 11 d
6 32 宫颈癌,FIGO临床分期ⅠB3期 30+1 34+5 剖宫产术/广泛全子宫切除术+淋巴结清扫术 紫杉醇+顺铂化疗1个疗程 7 d 肺炎
7 26 甲状腺癌 4+6 39+3 自然分娩/—
8 34 乳腺癌Ⅳ期 27+4 28+1 自然分娩/— Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭、ICU呼吸支持、恶病质、肺部感染、低钾血症 转院
9 29 甲状腺癌 5 39 剖宫产术/—
10 31 宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌ⅣB期 32+1 32+1 剖宫产术/— 11 d NRDS
11 33 降结肠恶性肿瘤ⅡB期 29+4 30 剖宫产术/结肠根治术+肠造口术 转院
12 36 甲状腺癌 4 37+6 剖宫产术/— SPPH
13 29 胃癌Ⅳ期 产褥期 32+2 剖宫产术/腹腔探查+大网膜活检术 消化道大出血、凝血功能障碍 32 d 呼吸暂停、脓毒症、化脓性脑膜炎
14 36 慢性粒细胞性白血病 31+5 38+3 自然分娩/— 人干扰素a1b注射液
15 37 恶性黑色素瘤Ⅳ期 36+6 38 自然分娩/—
16 28 肾细胞癌 18 39 自然分娩/— 19孕周时行左肾切除+淋巴结清扫术 产后26 d确诊为结肠中分化腺癌
17b 29 甲状腺乳头状癌Ⅰ期 17+1 39+4 自然分娩/— 18+6孕周时行甲状腺部分切除+淋巴结清扫术
18 30 支气管黏液表皮样癌 24+1 33+5 剖宫产术/— 7 d 肺炎
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