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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (02) : 157 -164. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.02.006

论著

宫颈管搔刮术对阴道镜宫颈组织病理学结果为宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上患者术后病理升级为宫颈癌的预测价值
姚晓曦1, 韦柳杏1, 王瑞瑜1, 李梦瑶1, 刘清玉1, 郄明蓉1,()   
  1. 1. 四川大学华西第二医院妇科、出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 郄明蓉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82272710)

Predictive value of endocervical curettage for postoperative pathological upgrading to cervical cancer in CIN2+patients

Xiaoxi Yao1, Liuxing Wei1, Ruiyu Wang1, Mengyao Li1, Qingyu Liu1, Mingrong Qie1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Gynecology,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2025-01-18 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Mingrong Qie
引用本文:

姚晓曦, 韦柳杏, 王瑞瑜, 李梦瑶, 刘清玉, 郄明蓉. 宫颈管搔刮术对阴道镜宫颈组织病理学结果为宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上患者术后病理升级为宫颈癌的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(02): 157-164.

Xiaoxi Yao, Liuxing Wei, Ruiyu Wang, Mengyao Li, Qingyu Liu, Mingrong Qie. Predictive value of endocervical curettage for postoperative pathological upgrading to cervical cancer in CIN2+patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(02): 157-164.

目的

探讨宫颈管搔刮术(ECC)对阴道镜下宫颈组织病理学活检结果为宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上(CIN2+)患者,术后病理升级为宫颈癌(以下简称为“CIN2+病理升级”)的预测价值。

方法

选择2019年1月1日至2023年10月1日在四川大学华西第二医院妇科就诊的66例阴道镜下宫颈组织病理学活检结果为CIN2+,术后结果为宫颈癌的患者为研究对象,纳入研究组。选择同期在同一家医院阴道镜下宫颈组织病理学活检结果为CIN2+,术后结果仍然为CIN2+的66例患者为对照,纳入对照组。回顾性分析2组患者以下指标。①一般临床资料,如年龄、孕次、产次、绝经状态,有无阴道异常出血,既往宫颈癌前病变史,转化区。②实验室检查结果,如宫颈细胞学结果、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)分型、阴道镜下宫颈组织活检和ECC宫颈组织病理学结果,宫颈癌前病变是否累及腺体及宫颈癌患者的临床病理学特征等。采用Kappa一致性检验,比较阴道镜下宫颈组织病理学活检结果和ECC结果的一致性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算ROC 曲线下面积(AUC)对CIN2+病理升级为宫颈癌的预测价值。本研究遵循的程序符合四川大学华西第二医院伦理委员会所制定的伦理学标准(医学伦理学批号:2024伦理审批第474号),符合临床研究知情同意豁免条件。

结果

①2组患者的年龄、绝经率、宫颈细胞学结果构成比、有宫颈癌前病变史占比及ECC 宫颈组织病理学检查结果构成比比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②研究组66例宫颈癌患者中,国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)临床分期为Ⅰ期患者占比最高,为93.9%(62/66)。③多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄(OR=1.111,95% CI:1.029~1.200,P=0.007)和ECC 结果为CIN3(OR=8.587,95% CI:2.710~27.207,P <0.001)是预测导致CIN2+病理升级的独立危险因素。④ECC和宫腔镜下宫颈组织病理学活检结果一致的患者数仅为59 例。Kappa一致性检验结果显示,阴道镜下宫颈活检结果与ECC结果的一致性较差(Kappa值为0.101,P=0.062)。⑤ROC 曲线分析显示,ECC结果对于阴道镜下病理活检结果为CIN2+患者术后病理升级为宫颈癌AUC 为0.761(95% CI:0.678~0.845,P<0.001),最佳临界值为2.5,阳性预测值为75.4%。

结论

ECC对于阴道镜下病理活检结果为CIN2+患者术后病理升级为宫颈癌有较好的预测价值,应作为可疑高级别病变患者宫颈组织活检的补充检查手段。

Objective

To analyze the predictive value of endocervical curettage(ECC)for postoperative pathological upgrading to cervical cancer in patients with biopsy result of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe diagnoses (CIN2+).

Methods

A total of 66 pathological upgrading patients and 66 no-upgrading patients who attended the Department of Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University from January 1,2019 to October 1,2023 were selected into this study,and were enrolled into study group and control troup,respectively.A retrospective analysis of the following data was done for the two group.①General clinical data:including age,gravidity,parity,menopausal status,abnormal vaginal bleeding,history of cervical lesions,transformation zone.②Clinical examination and pathological data:including cytology,human papilloma virus(HPV)test,pathological results (including cervical biopsy and ECC results),whether the lesion involved gland or not,and tumor characteristics of patients with pathologic upgrading to cervical cancer in the 2 groups of patients.The Kappa test was used to compare the results of cervical biopsy and ECC.Receiver operater curve(ROC)curve and area under curve(AUC)were plotted to calculate the predictive value of ECC for pathologic upgrading to cervical cancer.The procedures followed in this study complied with the ethical standards set by the Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2024-474)and met the conditions for exemption of informed consent in clinical research.

Results

①The comparison of age,menopausal rate,cervical cytology results,the proportion of patients with a history of cervical precancerous lesions,and ECC pathological results between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05).②Among the 66 patients in study group,the largest proportion was International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)stageⅠ,at 93.9%(62/66).③The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for CIN2+histological progression were presented as follow.Age (OR=1.111,95% CI:1.029-1.200,P=0.007)and ECC pathological result of CIN3(OR=8.587,95% CI:2.710-27.207,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for pathological upgrading to cervical cancer post-surgery.④The number of patients with the same results between ECC and cervical biopsy was 59.The result of Kappa consistency test showed that the results of cervical biopsy were in poor agreement with the results of ECC (Kappa=0.101,P=0.062).⑤ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of ECC for prediction of CIN2+histological progression was 0.761(95% CI:0.678-0.845),with a cut-off value of 2.5 and a positive predictive value of 75.4%.

Conclusions

ECC has a good predictive value for postoperative pathological upgrading to cervical cancer in patients with colposcopic pathological biopsy results of CIN2+,and should be used as a supplement to cervical biopsy in patients with suspected high-grade lesions.

表1 2组患者临床资料比较
表2 研究组66例患者的肿瘤特征[例数(%)]
表3 CIN2+病理升级为宫颈癌影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果
表4 本研究132例患者阴道镜下宫颈活检和ECC 结果的一致性检验
图1 ECC结果对预测CIN2+病理升级的ROC曲线 注:ECC为宫颈管搔刮术,CNI2+为宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
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