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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01) : 78 -91. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.01.011

论著

晚发型脓毒症早产儿伴血小板减少的临床特征及其早期并发症的相关性研究
林胜楠1, 富建华1,()   
  1. 1. 中国医科大学附属盛京医院新生儿内科,沈阳 110004
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01 修回日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 富建华
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省科技创新重大专项(2020JH1/10300001)

Clinical characteristics of thrombocytopenia in premature infants with late-onset sepsis and its correlation with early complications

Shengnan Lin1, Jianhua Fu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neonatology,Shengjing Hospital to China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,Liaoning Province,China
  • Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2025-01-09 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jianhua Fu
引用本文:

林胜楠, 富建华. 晚发型脓毒症早产儿伴血小板减少的临床特征及其早期并发症的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(01): 78-91.

Shengnan Lin, Jianhua Fu. Clinical characteristics of thrombocytopenia in premature infants with late-onset sepsis and its correlation with early complications[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(01): 78-91.

目的

探讨晚发型脓毒症(LOS)早产儿血小板减少的临床特征与危险因素,以及血小板计数(PLT)降低程度对近期早产儿代谢性骨病(MBDP)与营养相关性胆汁淤积(PNAC)并发症的预测作用。

方法

选择2020年1月至2023年1月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院出生并在第一新生儿科住院治疗的123例血小板减少LOS早产儿为研究对象,根据脓毒症感染期间PLT 最低值,将其分为轻度组(n=22,50×109/L≤PLT<100×109/L),重度组(n=26,PLT<50×109/L)和对照组(n=75,PLT≥100×109/L)3组。采用回顾性分析方法对123例LOS早产儿的以下临床资料进行分析。①一般临床资料:LOS早产儿性别、出生胎龄、出生体重及新生儿窒息史等,孕母妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、妊娠期高血压疾病、产前感染、胎膜早破(PROM)发生情况及分娩方式等。②实验室检查结果:LOS早产儿血常规[白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、淋巴细胞百分比(LY%)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积、血小板分布宽度(PDW)],C 反应蛋白(CRP),降钙素原(PCT)等血液指标及病原微生物检测结果[革兰阳性(G+)、革兰阴性(G-)和真菌]。③治疗相关指标:对LOS早产儿使用的抗菌药物种类及时间,机械通气时间,是否输注血液制品及种类[红细胞、血小板和(或)血浆、白蛋白及丙种球蛋白] ,是否使用血管活性药物多巴胺[>5μg/(kg·min) ]治疗。④出院资料:住院时间、新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)住院时间、感染后机械通气时间、出院时体重在矫正年龄体重中百分位数等。⑤近期并发症:宫外生长发育迟缓(EUGR)、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、MBDP 及PNAC 等。本研究通过中国医科大学附属盛京医院伦理委员会批准(审批文号:2023PS1036K)。

结果

①一般资料:3组LOS早产儿有窒息史者和PROM 占比及病原微生物检测阳性率总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。②实验室检查结果:3组LOS早产儿脓毒症感染各时期血小板压积及初期PDW、CRP、PCT比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③治疗情况:3组LOS早产儿脓毒症感染期间输注血液制品、输注血小板和(或)血浆、多巴胺>5μg/(kg·min)、抗菌药物使用时间总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④出院时情况:3组LOS早产儿出院时体重在矫正年龄体重中百分位数总体比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),进一步两两比较结果显示,重度组LOS早产儿出院时体重低于对照组出院时体重在矫正年龄体重中百分位数,并且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。⑤近期并发症:3组LOS早产儿EUGR、MBDP、PNAC发生率总体比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较结果显示,轻度组EUGR 和MBDP发生率均高于对照组,轻度组和重度组PNAC发生率均高于对照组,并且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。⑥多因素分析:窒息(OR=2.662,95%CI:1.081~6.547,P=0.033)及病原检测结果呈阳性(OR=5.491,95%CI:1.943~15.511,P=0.001)是LOS早产儿发生血小板减少的独立危险因素。⑦受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果:PLT 联合出生体重预测LOS早产儿发生MBDP、PNAC的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.875(95%CI:0.808~0.942)和0.900(95%CI:0.832~0.968,P<0.001),此时二者联合预测LOS早产儿并发MBDP和PNAC 的敏感度分别为87.5%、90.0%,特异度分别为72.9%、86.4%。

结论

PLT 联合出生体重对LOS早产儿发生MBDP、PNAC具有较高预测价值,有助于评估LOS早产儿近期并发症风险。

Objective

To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of thrombocytopenia in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS),and the predictive role of platelet count(PLT)for early complications [metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP)and nutritionrelated cholestasis (PNAC)].

Methods

A total of 123 preterm infants with LOS admitted to the Department of Neonatal Medicine,Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected into this study.According to the minimum PLT level during sepsis infection,the 123 infants were divided into three groups:mild group(n=22,50×109/L≤PLT<100×109/L),severe group (n=26,PLT<50×109/L),and control group(n=75,PLT≥100×109/L).Retrospective analysis was performed on the following clinical data of the 123 preterm infants with LOS.①General clinical data:infant factors including gender,gestational age,birth weight,and history of asphyxia,etc.,maternal factors including gestational diabetes(GDM),pregnancy-induced hypertension,prenatal infection,premature rupture of membranes(PROM),and mode of delivery,etc..②Laboratory test results:blood routine [white blood cell count (WBC),neutrophil count (NEUT),lymphocyte count (LYM),hemoglobin(Hb),mean platelet volume (MPV),plateletcrit,platelet distribution width (PDW)],C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),and pathogen detection results [Gram-positive(G+),Gram-negative(G-)and fungi],etc..③Treatment-related indicators:types and duration of antibiotic use,duration of mechanical ventilation,whether blood products were transfused and types[red blood cells,platelets and(or)plasma,albumin,and immunoglobulin],whether to use vasoactive drugs such as dopamine[>5μg/(kg·min)]were used.④Discharge data:total hospital stay,neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)stay,total duration of mechanical ventilation after infection,percentile of discharge weight among children of the same gestational age,etc..⑤Recent complications:extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR),necrotizing e nterocolitis (NEC),retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),MBDP and PNAC,etc..This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University Approval No.2023PS1036K).

Results

①General data:The proportion of infants with a history of asphyxia and PROM,and the positive rate of pathogen detection were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05).②Laboratory test results:The plateletcrit and initial PDW,CRP,PCT levels during each period of sepsis infection were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05).③Treatment:The transfusion of blood products,platelets and(or)plasma,dopamine>5μg/(kg·min),and the duration of antibiotic use during sepsis infection were significantly different among the three groups (P <0.05).④Discharge status:The percentile of discharge weight among c hildren of the same gestational age was significantly different among the three groups (P <0.05),and further pairwise comparisons showed that the discharge weight percentile of the severe group was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05).⑤Recent complications:The incidence of EUGR,MBDP and PNAC was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05).Further pairwise comparisons showed that the incidence of EUGR and MBDP in the mild group was higher than that in the control group,and the incidence of PNAC in the mild and severe groups was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05).⑥Multivariate analysis:Asphyxia(OR=2.662,95%CI:1.081-6.547,P=0.033)and positive pathogen detection results(OR=5.491,95%CI:1.943-15.511,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for thrombocytopenia in preterm infants with LOS.⑦Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis results:The area under curve(AUC)of PLT count combined with birth weight for predicting MBDP and PNAC in preterm infants with LOS was 0.875(95%CI:0.808-0.942)and 0.900(95%CI:0.832-0.968,P<0.001),respectively,with sensitivity of 87.5%and 90.0%,and specificity of 72.9%and 86.4%,respectively.

Conclusions

PLT count combined with birth weight has a high predictive value for MBDP and PNAC in preterm infants with LOS,which helps to assess the risk of recent complications in preterm infants with LOS.

表1 本研究3组LOS早产儿及其孕母一般资料及临床资料比较
表2 3 组LOS 早产儿病原微生物检测阳性率比较[例数(%)]
表3 3组LOS早产儿脓毒症期间血常规、CRP及PCT 总体比较
组别 例数 WBC(×109/L) NEUT%(%)
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s ) 初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期(xˉ± s ) 恢复期(xˉ± s )
轻度组 22 11.6(5.4,19.3) 9.4(7.9,12.9) 9.9±3.7 61.4(40.5,75.0) 43.8±18.9 32.2±10.5
重度组 26 13.7(5.8,28.0) 13.1(8.2,19.6) 10.1±3.0 67.9(38.7,74.4) 53.8±19.8 39.9±14.1
对照组 75 9.3(6.2,12.2) 10.8(6.9,15.7) 11.1±3.4 64.0(49.6,78.4) 45.2±19.1 33.9±12.7
统计量 H=0.57 H=2.59 F=1.69 H=0.40 F=1.55 F=2.52
P 0.751 0.274 0.189 0.818 0.219 0.086
组别 例数 LY%(%) Hb(g/L,xˉ± s )
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s ) 初期 极期 恢复期
轻度组 22 22.5(14.2,45.4) 38.9(34.8,43.0) 49.9±11.3 130.7±24.4 122.1±22.6 111.7±21.2
重度组 26 37.7(9.6,47.2) 25.1(16.8,38.3) 41.6±11.7 118.6±27.3 114.7±19.2 104.1±12.9
对照组 75 22.8(11.3,35.5) 41.7(23.8,53.7) 46.7±13.1 123.5±19.7 116.9±15.5 109.4±14.7
统计量 H=0.26 H=4.06 F=2.77 F=1.75 F=0.87 F=2.36
P 0.878 0.131 0.067 0.179 0.422 0.107
组别 例数 MPV(fL) 血小板压积(%)
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s ) 初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s )
轻度组 22 10.4(9.7,10.9) 10.6(9.4,11.3) 10.2±0.7 0.08(0.02,0.09) 0.10(0.09,0.13) 0.22±0.11
重度组 26 10.2(9.0,11.3) 10.5(8.3,11.6) 10.3±0.9 0.05(0.02,0.09) 0.04(0.03,0.06) 0.20±0.10
对照组 75 10.2(9.5,11.0) 10.3(9.6,11.1) 9.9±1.0 0.20(0.16,0.26) 0.19(0.15,0.25) 0.32±0.10
统计量 H=0.25 H=0.96 F=1.07 H=66.92 H=42.40 F=11.89
P 0.882 0.618 0.348 0.001 0.001 0.001
组别 例数 PDW(fL) 初期CRP[mg/L,M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 初期PCT[ng/mL,M ( Q1,  Q3 ) ]
初期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 极期[M ( Q1,  Q3 )] 恢复期(xˉ± s )
轻度组 22 18.6(18.0,19.2) 18.4(18.3,18.8) 18.4±0.6 29.9(16.3,80.8) 16.0(2.5,22.8)
重度组 26 17.9(17.6,18.9) 18.7(18.1,19.2) 18.4±0.5 57.0(33.5,77.3) 10.5(3.1,13.9)
对照组 75 18.8(18.3,19.1) 18.8(18.3,19.0) 18.3±0.8 28.5(18.0,47.2) 3.5(0.6,8.5)
统计量 H=7.08 H=0.88 F=0.31 H=13.66 H=12.42
P 0.029 0.664 0.733 0.001 0.002
表4 3组LOS早产儿脓毒症期间血小板压积与感染初期PDW、CRP及PCT 进一步两两比较结果
表5 本研究3组LOS早产儿脓毒症期间治疗情况比较[例数(%)]
组别 例数 输注血液制品 红细胞 血小板和(或)血浆 白蛋白 丙种球蛋白
轻度组 22 25(96.1) 19(73.1) 16(61.5) 6(23.1) 17(65.4)
重度组 26 15(68.1) 14(63.6) 4(18.2) 2(9.1) 19(86.4)
对照组 75 54(72.0) 42(56.0) 5(6.7) 17(22.3) 48(64.0)
总体比较(统计量/P值) χ 2=8.19/0.017 χ 2=2.45/0.310 χ 2=31.38/<0.001 a/0.394 χ 2=4.06/0.153
两两比较(统计量/P值)
重度组vs 轻度组 χ 2=8.27/0.004 χ 2=0.49/0.543 χ 2=9.22/0.002 χ 2=1.68/0.260 χ 2=2.80/0.180
重度组vs 对照组 χ 2=6.61/0.010 χ 2=2.35/0.164 χ 2=35.30/<0.001 χ2<0.01/>0.999 χ 2=0.02/>0.999
轻度组vs 对照组 χ 2=0.57/0.597 χ 2=0.41/0.627 χ 2=2.68/0.202 χ 2=1.99/0.226 χ 2=3.98/0.065
组别 例数 使用抗菌药物[例数(%)] 多巴胺>5 μg/(kg·min)[例数(%)] 抗菌药物使用时间(d,xˉ± s ) 感染期间机械通气时间[d,M ( Q1,  Q3 )]
单独使用三代头孢 碳青霉烯类或万古霉素 ≥2种抗菌药物联合使用
轻度组 22 2(8.3) 13(54.1) 10(41.6) 8(30.8) 12.4±4.5 54.0(0,117.8)
重度组 26 5(22.7) 6(27.3) 11(50.0) 2(9.5) 11.7±4.8 31.0(0,102.2)
对照组 75 32(42.7) 19(25.3) 24(32.0) 6(8.1) 9.3±4.6 31.0(0,62.0)
总体比较(统计量/P值) χ 2=17.24/0.004 χ 2=7.72/0.017 F=5.51/0.005 H=2.48/0.289
两两比较(统计量/P值)
重度组vs 轻度组 χ 2=4.43/0.170 χ 2=3.13/0.077 t=0.66/0.621 U=340.00/0.251
重度组vs 对照组 χ 2=13.85/0.002 χ 2=8.38/0.004 t=3.08/0.004 U=1 169.00/0.124
轻度组vs 对照组 χ 2=3.33/0.199 χ 2=0.05/0.823 t=2.42/0.031 U=822.50/0.982
表6 3组LOS早产儿出院时情况比较
表7 3组LOS早产儿相关并发症发生率比较[例数(%)]
表8 LOS早产儿血小板减少影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
表9 MBDP组和非MBDP组LOS早产儿临床资料比较
表10 PNAC组和非PNAC组LOS早产儿临床资料比较
表11 LOS早产儿儿并发MBDP影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
表12 LOS早产儿并发PNAC影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
图1 PLT 和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发MBDP的ROC曲线 注:PLT 为血小板计数,LOS为晚发型脓毒症,MBDP为代谢性骨病,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
表13 PLT 和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发MBDP的ROC曲线分析结果
图2 PLT 水平和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发PNAC的ROC曲线 注:PLT 为血小板计数,LOS为晚发型脓毒症,PNAC为营养相关性胆汁淤积,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
表14 PLT 和出生体重单独及二者联合对LOS早产儿并发PNAC的ROC曲线分析结果
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