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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (06) : 619 -627. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2024.06.005

论著

独生子女身份对儿童生活满意度的影响:强化敏感性的中介作用
车超1, 于晓晓1, 蔡直锋1, 曹爱华1,()   
  1. 1. 山东大学齐鲁医院儿科,济南 250000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28 修回日期:2024-09-15 出版日期:2024-12-01
  • 通信作者: 曹爱华
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MH258)

The influence of being an only child on children's life satisfaction:the mediating effect of reinforcement sensitivity

Chao Che1, Xiaoxiao Yu1, Zhifeng Cai1, Aihua Cao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pediatrics,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan 250000,Shandong Province,China
  • Received:2024-05-28 Revised:2024-09-15 Published:2024-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Aihua Cao
引用本文:

车超, 于晓晓, 蔡直锋, 曹爱华. 独生子女身份对儿童生活满意度的影响:强化敏感性的中介作用[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(06): 619-627.

Chao Che, Xiaoxiao Yu, Zhifeng Cai, Aihua Cao. The influence of being an only child on children's life satisfaction:the mediating effect of reinforcement sensitivity[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2024, 20(06): 619-627.

目的

探讨独生子女和非独生子女群体之间生活满意度差异,并深入探讨强化敏感性对这2个群体生活满意度的影响。

方法

选择2007年8月至2010年8月出生的山东省济南、临沂、烟台市的710名小学生为研究对象。根据是否为独生子女,将其分别纳入独生子女组(n=295)和非独生子女组(n=415)。采用《学生生活满意度量表(SLSS)》及《儿童惩罚敏感性和奖励敏感性问卷(SPSRQ-C)》,评估2组儿童的生活满意度及强化敏感性。分别采用点二列相关分析法及Pearson相关性分析法,对是否独生子女分别与生活满意度及强化敏感性各维度的相关性,以及儿童生活满意度与强化敏感性各维度的相关性进行分析。采用SPSS软件的process宏程序插件的模型4,对中介变量奖励敏感性(SR)及惩罚敏感性(SP)分别对独生子女与其生活满意度的中介效应进行分析。本研究经山东大学齐鲁医院伦理委员会批准(审批文号:2018178),获得学校和学生监护人的知情同意,并签署临床研究知情同意书。

结果

①独生子女组儿童SLSS得分高于非独生子女组,独生子女组儿童SP、SR 及SR 的奖励反应性维度得分,均低于非独生子女组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②非独生子女与其生活满意度呈负相关关系(r=-0.11、P<0.01),与SP 呈正相关关系(r=0.13、P<0.01),与SR 及SR 的奖励反应性维度均呈正相关关系(r=0.08、P<0.05,r=0.10、P<0.01)。③独生子女组与非独生子女组儿童的生活满意度,均与SP 呈负相关关系(r=-0.12、-0.10,均为P<0.05)。④SR 在独生子女与生活满意度之间发挥中介作用(Z=-0.110、P=0.911),其效应占比为0.48%;SP 在独生子女与生活满意度之间发挥部分中介作用,效应占比为13.5%。

结论

强化敏感性对独生子女的生活满意度有一定影响。

Objective

To explore the differences in life satisfaction between only children and non-only children,and to investigate the impact of reinforcement sensitivity on the life satisfaction of these two groups.

Methods

A total of 710 elementary school students in Jinan,Linyi,and Yantai of Shandong P rovince,who were born from August 2007 to August 2010 were selected as subjects for this study.Based on their status as an only child or not,participants were divided into only child group (n=295)and non-only child group (n=415).The student's life satisfaction scale (SLSS)and the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward questionnaire for children (SPSRQ-C)were employed to assess the life satisfaction and reinforcement sensitivity of the two groups.Point-biserial correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were utilized to analyze the relationships between being an only child or a non-only child and their life satisfaction,respectively,as well as and the dimensions of reinforcement sensitivity,respectively,also between their life satisfaction and the dimensions of reinforcement sensitivity.The mediation effects of sensitivity to reward(SR)and sensitivity to punishment(SP)on the life satisfaction of only c hildren were analyzed respectively,using Model 4 of the RPOCESS plugin in SPSS software.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Approval No.2018178),and informed consent forms was obtained from both the school and the guardians of the students.

Results

①The SLSS score of only-child group was higher than that of non-only child group,while the scores of SP,SR,and the reward responsiveness dimension of SR in only child group were all lower than those in non-only child group,and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).②Non-only children exhibited a negative correlation with their life satisfaction (r=-0.11,P<0.01),a positive correlation with SP (r=0.13,P <0.01),and positive correlations with both SR and the reward responsiveness dimension of SR (r=0.08,P <0.05;r=0.10,P <0.01).③Life satisfaction in both only child and non-only child groups were negatively correlated with SP (r=-0.12,-0.10;both P<0.05).④SR served as a mediator between only children and life satisfaction(Z=-0.111,P=0.911),accounting for 0.48%of the effect;SP played a partial mediating role between only children and life satisfaction,with an effect share of 13.5%.

Conclusion

Reinforcement sensitivity has a certain impact on the life satisfaction of only children.

表1 2组儿童SLSS与SPSRQ-C得分比较(分,±s
表2 是否独生子女、生活满意度及强化敏感性之间的相关性分析(r 值,n=710)
表3 独生子女组295名儿童的生活满意度与强化敏感性的相关性分析(r 值)
表4 非独生子女组415名儿童的生活满意度与强化敏感性的相关性分析(r 值)
图1 SR 在独生子女与生活满意度之间的中介模型 注:SR 为奖励敏感性
表5 中介模型中是否独生子女、SR、生活满意度之间关系的回归分析
表6 独生子女对生活满意度影响的总效应、直接效应及SR 在二者间的间接效应
图2 SP在独生子女与生活满意度间的中介模型 注:SP为惩罚敏感性
表7 中介模型中独生子女、SP、生活满意度之间关系的回归分析
表8 独生子女对生活满意度影响的总效应、直接效应及SP在二者间的间接效应
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