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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (06) : 611 -618. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2024.06.004

论著

联合指标对支气管肺发育不良早产儿进展为中至重度的早期预测价值
谢鑫鑫1,2, 韩梅盈2, 杨春燕2,(), 申青华2, 刘风敏2, 李丛2, 张德志1, 类维凯3   
  1. 1. 山东第二医科大学临床医学院,山东第二医科大学,潍坊 261000
    2. 聊城市人民医院儿科NICU,聊城 252000
    3. 山东第一医科大学/山东省医学科学院,济南 250000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-18 修回日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2024-12-01
  • 通信作者: 杨春燕
  • 基金资助:
    山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(2019-0895)山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2017WS218)

Early predictive value of combined indicators for moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants

Xinxin Xie1,2, Meiying Han2, Chunyan Yang2,(), Qinghua Shen2, Fengmin Liu2, Cong Li2, Dezhi Zhang1, Weikai Lei3   

  1. 1. School of Clinical Medicine,Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang 261000,Shandong Province,China
    2. Pediatric NICU,Liaocheng People's Hospital,Liaocheng 252000,Shandong Province,China
    3. Shandong First Medical University/Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan 250000,Shandong Province,China
  • Received:2024-04-18 Revised:2024-10-11 Published:2024-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Chunyan Yang
引用本文:

谢鑫鑫, 韩梅盈, 杨春燕, 申青华, 刘风敏, 李丛, 张德志, 类维凯. 联合指标对支气管肺发育不良早产儿进展为中至重度的早期预测价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(06): 611-618.

Xinxin Xie, Meiying Han, Chunyan Yang, Qinghua Shen, Fengmin Liu, Cong Li, Dezhi Zhang, Weikai Lei. Early predictive value of combined indicators for moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2024, 20(06): 611-618.

目的

探讨联合指标(受试儿入院时体温、抗菌药物应用时间>14 d、有创通气时间≥7 d)对早产儿中至重度支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的早期预测价值。

方法

选取2019 年1 月至2022年12月聊城市人民医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)收治的出生胎龄<32周和(或)出生体重<1 500 g,并且住院时间≥28 d的164例BPD 患儿为研究对象。根据BPD 严重程度,将其分为轻度BPD 组(n=120)和中至重度BPD 组(n=44)。采用回顾性分析方法对这164例患儿的临床资料,包括一般临床资料、围产期情况、相关合并症、呼吸机及抗菌药物使用情况等,分别采用独立样本t 检验、Mann-Whitney U 秩和检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验、χ2 检验对2组BPD 患儿的临床资料进行单因素分析及多因素非条件logistic分析,对早产儿发生中至重度BPD 的独立影响因素进行分析,并建立预测发生中至重度BPD 影响因素的logistic回归方程(预测模型)。采用MedCalc1 5.2.2软件绘制影响因素单独及联合预测早产儿发生中至重度BPD 的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算其曲线下面积(AUC),以及预测早产儿发生中至重度BPD 的敏感度及特异度。根据约登指数(Youden index)最大原则,确定不同影响因素单独或联合预测BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 的最佳临界值。本研究遵循的程序符合聊城市人民医院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准,并得到该伦理委员会批准(审批文号:2024061)。所有患儿的诊治获得患儿监护人知情同意。

结果

①本组164例BPD 患儿中,中至重度BPD 发生率为26.8%(44/164)。②单因素分析结果:2组BPD 早产儿出生胎龄与体重、入院时体温、产前使用糖皮质激素占比、母亲患妊娠期高血压疾病占比、有创通气时间、有创通气时间≥3/7/14 d占比、无创通气时间、抗菌药物应用>14 d占比、生后1 min Apgar评分、有血流动力学意义的动脉导管未闭(hsPDA)发生率、颅内出血发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果:预防低体温(OR=0.314,95%CI:0.126~0.786,P=0.013)为BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 的独立保护因素,有创通气时间≥7 d(OR=6.942,95%CI:2.352~20.495,P<0.001)与抗菌药物应用时间>14 d (OR=16.163,95%CI:4.341~60.179,P<0.001)为BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 的独立危险因素。④ROC曲线分析结果:入院时体温、抗菌药物应用时间>14 d、有创通气时间≥7 d及3者联合,对于预测BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD的ROC-AUC分别为0.611(95%CI:0.516~0.705,P=0.030),0.753(95%CI:0.677~0.829,P<0.001),0.727(95%CI:0.645~0.808,P <0.001)及0.858(95%CI:0.801~0.915,P <0.001)。

结论

入院时体温、有创通气时间≥7 d 和抗菌药物应用时间>14 d这3项指标联合,对预测BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 效能优于单一指标,对预测中至重度BPD 高危早产儿有一定临床价值。

Objective

To explore the early predictive value of multiple clinical indicators(admission temperature,duration of antimicrobial drug use>14 days,duration of invasive ventilation≥7 days)combined for moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in premature infants.

Methods

From January 2019 to December 2022,premature infants (gestational age<32 weeks and/or birth weight<1 500 g,and hospital stay≥28 days),diagnosed with BPD at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)of Liaocheng People's Hospital were selected into this study.According to the severity of BPD,they were divided into mild BPD group (n=120)and moderate-to-severe BPD group (n=44).The clinical data of these 164 premature infants were retrospectively analyzed,including general information,perinatal conditions,related comorbidities,and the use of mechanical ventilation and antimicrobial drugs.Independent-samples t test,Mann-Whitney U rank sum test,or Wilcoxon rank sum test,and chi-square test were used for univariate analysis of the clinical data of two groups.Factors with P <0.05 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of moderate-to-severe BPD in premature infants,and to establish a logistic regression equation (predictive model)for moderate-to-severe BPD-related risk factors.The MedCalc 15.2.2 software was used to plot the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and to calculate the area under the curve (AUC),as well as the sensitivity and specificity of different risk factors in predicting the occurrence of moderate-to-severe BPD in premature infants.This study followed the ethical standards set by the Ethics Committee of Liaocheng People's Hospital and was approved by the committee (Approval No.2024061).Informed consent was obtained from the guardians of all infants for their treatment.

Results

①A total of 492 preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks and/or body weight<1 500 g were admitted.Among them,164 infants were diagnosed with BPD.The incidence of BPD was 33.3%(164/492),and the incidence of moderate to severe BPD was 8.9%(44/492).②Univariate analysis results:there were statistically significant differences in gestational age,birth weight,admission temperature,proportion of prenatal corticosteroid use,maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension,duration of invasive ventilation,proportion of invasive ventilation more than 3/7/14 days,duration of non-invasive ventilation,proportion of antimicrobial drug use for>14 days,1 min Apgar score,incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus(hsPDA),and incidence of intracranial hemorrhage between two groups of BPD premature infants(P<0.05).③Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis results:prevention of hypothermia (OR=0.314,95%CI:0.126-0.786,P=0.013)was identified as an independent protective factor for the development of moderate-to-severe BPD in premature infants,while invasive ventilation duration more than 7 days (OR=6.942,95%CI:2.352-20.495,P <0.001)and antimicrobial drug duration more than 14 days (OR=16.163,95%CI:4.341-60.179,P<0.001)were identified as independent risk factors for the development of moderate-to-severe BPD in premature infants.④ROC curve analysis results:the ROC-AUC for predicting the occurrence of moderate-to-severe BPD in premature infants by admission temperature,duration of antimicrobial drug use>14 days,duration of invasive ventilation≥7 days,and the combination of three were 0.611(95%CI:0.516-0.705,P=0.030),0.753(95%CI:0.677-0.829,P <0.001),0.727(95%CI:0.645-0.808,P<0.001),and 0.858(95%CI:0.801-0.915,P<0.001),respectively.

Conclusions

The working performance and judgment accuracy of the combined indicators (admission temperature,duration of antimicrobial drug use>14 days,duration of invasive ventilation≥7 days)are better than that of single indicator,which has certain value in predicting moderate to severe BPD.

表1 2组BPD 早产儿相关临床资料比较
组别 例数 多胎[例数(%)] 性别[例数(%)] 出生胎龄(周,xˉ±s 出生体重(g,xˉ±s 入院时体温[℃,M Q1,Q3)] 剖宫产术分娩[例数(%)] 产前使用糖皮质激素[例数(%)]
轻度BPD组 120 32(26.7) 66(55.0) 54(45.0) 28.9±1.8 1 132.2±230.7 36.5(36.5,36.7) 67(55.8) 92(76.7)
中至重度BPD组 44 7(15.9) 26(59.1) 18(40.9) 27.9±1.7 1 001.7±214.3 36.3(36.0,36.5) 26(59.1) 40(90.9)
统计量 χ2=2.06 χ2=0.22 t=-3.39 t=-3.27 Z=2.18 χ2=0.14 χ2=4.16
P 0.152 0.640 <0.001 <0.001 0.029 0.709 0.041
组别 例数 产前使用硫酸镁[例数(%)] 母亲患妊娠期糖尿病[例数(%)] 母亲患妊娠期高血压疾病[例数(%)] 胎膜早破[ h,M (Q1>,Q3)] 有创通气时间(d,xˉ±s 不同有创通气时间[例数 (%)]
≥3 d ≥7 d ≥14 d
轻度BPD组 120 57(47.5) 16(13.3) 29(24.2) 48(48,48) 8.1±8.5 84(70.0) 52(43.3) 28(23.3)
中至重度BPD组 44 20(45.5) 4(9.1) 18(40.9) 48(48,48) 22.2±16.2 40(90.9) 39(88.6) 28(63.6)
统计量 χ2=0.05 χ2=0.54 χ2=4.41 Z=-0.49 t=5.51 χ2=7.63 χ2=26.75 χ2=23.26
P 0.816 0.462 0.036 0.627 <0.001 0.006 <0.001 <0.001
组别 例数 无创通气时间(d,xˉ±s 使用PS[例数(%)] 抗菌药物应用时间> 14 d[例数(%)] 1 min Apagr 评分[分,M (Q1,Q3)] 窒息[例数(%)] NRDS[例数(%)] hsPDA[例数(%)] 颅内出血[例数(%)]
轻度BPD组 120 23.5±11.9 51(42.5) 51(42.5) 7(5,8) 77(64.2) 111(92.5) 49(58.3) 42(35.0)
中至重度BPD组 44 28.6±17.6 14(31.8) 41(93.2) 5(3,8) 31(70.5) 40(90.9) 29(82.9) 23(52.3)
统计量 t=1.78 χ2=1.54 χ2=33.58 Z=-2.33 χ2=0.57 χ2=0.11 χ2=8.11 χ2=4.02
P 0.080 0.215 <0.001 0.020 0.452 0.738 0.004 0.045
组别 例数 NEC[例数(%) 婴儿胆汁淤积症[例数(%)]a 甲状腺功能不全[例数(%)]a 宫外生长发育迟缓[例数(%)] 高胆红素血症[例数(%)] 光疗时长[h,M (Q1,Q3)]
轻度BPD组 120 11(9.2) 10(8.3) 8(6.7) 39(32.5) 70(58.3) 20(8,38)
中至重度BPD组 44 3(6.8) 3(6.8) 0(0) 21(47.7) 25(56.8) 22(6,37)
统计量 χ2=0.23 χ2<0.01 χ2=1.81 χ2=3.22 χ2=0.03 Z=-0.24
P 0.633 >0.999 0.178 0.073 0.863 0.810
表2 BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析
图1 相关影响因素单独或联合预测BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 的ROC曲线 注:BPD为支气管肺发育不良,ROC 曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
表3 相关影响因素单独或联合预测BPD 早产儿进展为中至重度BPD 效能分析
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