儿童哮喘（childhood asthma）是一种常见儿童慢性气道炎症性疾病，临床表现为反复出现的喘息、呼吸急促和咳嗽。儿童哮喘的病理机制包括气管炎症、气道高反应性（AHR）和气道重塑（AR），可导致患儿气流受限和呼吸困难。儿童哮喘的病因复杂，涉及多种遗传和环境因素，可导致患儿气管对多种刺激因子表现出异常敏感性。近年研究表明，基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）在儿童哮喘病程中起着重要作用。MMP可通过调控细胞外基质（ECM）降解，促进炎症细胞迁移和气管结构改变，从而影响哮喘病情发展。目前，以MMP为靶点的儿童哮喘治疗方法，已在临床和临床前研究中显示出积极的治疗疗效。未来通过深入研究MMP在儿童哮喘中的复杂调控机制，有望精准开发更为有效的治疗药物，从而提高哮喘患儿生活质量，并为其他慢性气管疾病的治疗提供借鉴。笔者拟就MMP对儿童哮喘发生的作用机制及MMP对哮喘患儿分子靶向治疗应用的最新研究现状进行阐述。

Childhood asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease in children，characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing，breathlessness，and coughing.The pathological mechanisms of childhood asthma include airway inflammation，airway hyperresponsiveness（AHR），and airway remodeling（AR），which can lead to airflow obstruction and respiratory difficulty in children.The causes of childhood asthma are complex，involving both genetic and environmental factors，which can cause children's trachea to be sensitive to various stimulating factor.Recent studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinases（MMP）play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.MMP can regulate the degradation of extracellular matrix（ECM）to promote the migration of inflammatory cells and structural changes in the trachea，thereby affecting the progression of asthma.Currently，targeted therapies for childhood asthma using MMP as a target have shown positive therapeutic effects in both clinical and preclinical studies.In the future，by further studying the complex regulatory mechanisms of MMP in childhood asthma，it is hoped to develop more effective targeted treatment strategies，thereby improving the quality of life for asthma patients and providing insights for the treatment of other chronic airway diseases.In this article，the authors will discuss the latest research progress on the role of MMP in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and the targeted treatment of asthma patients using MMP.