探讨女性婴幼儿腹股沟卵巢疝(IOH)的超声及临床特点，并进行文献复习。

选择2020年12月21日于四川大学华西第二医院就诊的1例11个月20 d龄左侧IOH患儿(患儿1)为研究对象。采用回顾性分析法，收集患儿1超声及临床资料。对患儿1的超声及临床表现与治疗、预后等进行分析。以"卵巢疝""婴幼儿""超声""腹股沟""嵌顿疝""ovarian hernia""infant""ultrasound""inguen""incarcerated hernia"等为中、英文关键词，在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台及PubMed数据库中，检索婴幼儿IOH患儿相关研究文献，文献检索时间设定为2010年1月1日至2022年12月31日。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。

①患儿1因"左侧腹股沟区包块(IM)10⁺个月"于病例收集医院住院治疗。入院时，其双侧腹股沟彩色多普勒超声检查结果提示，双侧腹股沟疝(左侧疝内容物为卵巢及肠管、右侧疝内容物为肠管)，双侧团块内均探及血流信号。对患儿1采取腹腔镜下双侧腹股沟疝修补术治疗后，第3天病情好转出院。②文献复习结果：根据本研究设定的文献检索策略，检索到超声诊断婴幼儿IOH相关研究文献为28篇，涉及68例≤6岁女性IOH患儿(患儿2~69)。加上患儿1共计69例患儿(患儿1~69)的临床资料分析如下。65例患儿的首发症状均为IM，4例伴反复哭闹不止。对69例患儿均采取手术治疗，术中证实67例为单侧IOH(33例合并卵巢嵌顿、3例合并输卵管疝、3例合并子宫疝、4例合并双侧卵巢和子宫疝入单侧腹股沟)，2例为双侧IOH(均合并卵巢嵌顿)。术中发现卵巢组织坏死为13例[12例术前彩色多普勒超声提示腹股沟包块未见血流信号，仅1例可见；12例经手术切除卵巢，包括2例伴卵巢扭转者，1例未切除卵巢的后期超声随访结果显示，卵巢严重萎缩]，其余56例患儿术中疝入腹股沟卵巢回纳后，预后良好。

超声检查可辅助临床诊断婴幼儿IOH，其超声表现主要为腹股沟见卵巢样回声。手术治疗是该病患儿主要治疗方法。对于超声结果提示IM女婴，需警惕IOH可能，早诊断、早治疗婴幼儿IOH，可避免卵巢坏死，保护患儿卵巢功能。

To explore ultrasonic manifestations and clinical features of inguinal ovarian hernia (IOH) in female infants and review related literature.

One case of a girl (child 1) with left IOH, aged 11 months and 20 days, who was treated in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University on December 21, 2020 was selected as research subject. Her ultrasonic manifestations and clinical data were collected by retrospective analysis method. Her ultrasonic manifestations, clinical features, treatment and prognosis were summarized. With the following key words of " ovarian hernia" " infant" " ultrasound" " inguen" " incarcerated hernia" in both Chinese and English, literature related to IOH in infants was searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and PubMed. Literature retrieval time was set from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. The procedures followed in this study complied with the requirements of newly revised Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association in 2013.

①Child 1 was an 11 months and 20 days old female infant who was admitted to case collected hospital for treatment due to a left inguinal mass(IM) for 10⁺ months. Bilateral inguinal color Doppler ultrasound at admission showed that child 1 had bilateral inguinal hernia (contents of left hernia were ovary and intestine, and content of right hernia was intestine), and blood flow signals were detected in both bilateral masses. Child 1 received bilateral inguinal hernia repair under laparoscope, and the condition improved, and discharged from hospital 3 days after surgery. ②Literature review results: according to the retrieval strategy set in this study, 28 pieces of literature related to ultrasound diagnosis of IOH in infants were retrieved, involving 68 female children ≤ 6 years old with IOH (child 2-69). The clinical data analysis results of 69 children with IOH (child 1 to 69) were as follows. A total of 65 children had the first symptom of an IM, while 4 children combined with repeated crying. All 69 children underwent surgical treatment, and 67 cases had unilateral ovarian hernia confirmed during surgery (33 cases combined with ovarian incarceration, 3 cases combined with fallopian tube hernia, 3 cases combined with uterine hernia and 4 cases combined with bilateral ovarian and uterine herniated into unilateral inguinal region), and 2 cases had bilateral IOH (both combined with ovarian incarceration). And 13 children had ovarian necrosis (preoperative color Doppler ultrasound of 12 cases showed the mass in inguinal without any blood flow signal, just 1 case had; 12 children underwent surgical removal of ovaries, including 2 cases combined with ovarian torsion, one child remain the ovary, which was atrophying severely during the ultrasound follow-up). The other 56 children had a good prognosis after the ovary retraction during operation.

Ultrasonography can help clinicians to diagnose IOH in infants, and the main ultrasonic feature is ovarian echoes in inguinal region. Surgery is the main treatment for IOH in infants. For female infants with IM, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of IOH. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can avoid ovarian necrosis and preserve ovary functions of infants with IOH.