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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05) : 591 -598. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2022.05.014

论著

COVID-19疫情背景下围生期孕产妇抑郁情绪相关影响因素分析
雍瑞欣1, 柴红霞2,(), 妥薇薇1, 陈丹丹1, 赵东荣3   
  1. 1兰州大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730099
    2兰州大学第一医院产科,兰州 730013
    3兰州市第三人民医院产科 730050
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-18 修回日期:2022-08-17 出版日期:2022-10-01
  • 通信作者: 柴红霞

Analysis of influencing factors of perinatal maternal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ruixin Yong1, Hongxia Chai2,(), Weiwei Tuo1, Dandan Chen1, Dongrong Zhao3   

  1. 1First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, Gansu Province, China
    2Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730013, Gansu Province, China
    3Department of Obstetrics, Lanzhou Third People′s Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-18 Revised:2022-08-17 Published:2022-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Hongxia Chai
  • Supported by:
    National Undergraduate Scientific Research and Innovation Project(202210730176); Undergraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Lanzhou University(20200060032); Undergraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Lanzhou University(20220060099); Lanzhou Health Science and Technology Development Project(2019-023); Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2020-RC-75)
引用本文:

雍瑞欣, 柴红霞, 妥薇薇, 陈丹丹, 赵东荣. COVID-19疫情背景下围生期孕产妇抑郁情绪相关影响因素分析[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 18(05): 591-598.

Ruixin Yong, Hongxia Chai, Weiwei Tuo, Dandan Chen, Dongrong Zhao. Analysis of influencing factors of perinatal maternal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2022, 18(05): 591-598.

目的

探讨新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)疫情背景下围生期孕产妇(孕龄为28孕周至产后7 d)抑郁情绪的发生情况及其相关影响因素。

方法

采用随机抽样法,根据兰州市某三甲医院产科门诊及住院部就诊的围生期孕产妇的就诊号,随机抽取COVID-19疫情暴发期(2020年4月1日至8月31日)的71例孕产妇;同时选取COVID-19疫情常态化时期(2021年4月1日至8月31日),在同一医院产科门诊及住院部就诊的与疫情暴发期年龄匹配的71例围生期孕产妇为研究对象。根据《爱丁堡产后抑郁量表》(EPDS)筛查这142例孕产妇的抑郁风险得分,将其分为抑郁组(n=64,EPDS得分≥9分)和非抑郁组(n=78,EPDS得分<9分)。对2组受试组采取线上、线下方式填写本研究自行设计的《受试者一般资料调查问卷》,再采用EPDS、《社会支持评定量表》(SSRS)调查社会对其支持情况。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析导致围生期孕产妇抑郁情绪影响因素。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求,并与所有受试者本人签署临床研究知情同意书。

结果

①纳入本研究142例孕产妇的抑郁情绪检出率为45.1%(64/142)。2组孕产妇受教育程度和成长环境构成比比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②SSRS各维度得分结果显示,抑郁组孕产妇的抑郁症支持利用度得分,显著低于非抑郁组[(6.6±1.2)分vs (7.8±1.6)分],并且差异有统计学意义(t=4.72,P<0.001)。③2组孕产妇的SSRS结果中,SSRS总分、社区医疗服务中心支持程度这2个条目构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.26、11.56,P=0.002、0.009)。④多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度、成长环境、SSRS总分,均为孕产妇抑郁情绪发生的影响因素。其中,成长环境为农村(OR=2.397,95%CI:1.012~5.675,P=0.047)和较低受教育水平(受教育程度为高中及中专)(OR=3.929,95%CI:1.046~14.762,P=0.043),均是导致孕产妇发生抑郁情绪的独立危险因素;而SSRS总分为30~39分(OR=0.106,95%CI:0.024~0.472,P=0.003)是孕产妇发生抑郁情绪的独立保护因素。⑤2组围生期孕产妇最希望得到的支持和帮助为"经济"。

结论

在COVID-19疫情期特殊情况下,可能有助于调节孕产妇的不良情绪。对于围生期孕产妇,社区医疗服务中心的帮助和支持仍然十分欠缺。及时筛查与干预对预防围生期孕产妇抑郁情绪的发生十分必要。由于目前生育成本增加,围生期孕产妇对经济支持的需求十分迫切。

Objective

To investigate incidence and social factors of depression in perinatal pregnant women under corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods

A total of 71 pregnant women were randomly selected according to their medical card number from April 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 in the obstetric department outpatient and inpatient of a grade A class 3 hospital in Lanzhou during the COVID-19 outbreak. Then, a total of 71 pregnant women who were treated in the obstetrics department outpatient and inpatient of the same hospital during the normalized COVID-19 pandemic period from April 1 to August 31, 2021 were selected into this study. According to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), pregnant women were divided into depression group (n=64, EPDS score≥9) and non-depression group (n=78, EPDS score<9). The general information of the subjects was investigated by filling in the electronic questionnaire or manually filling in the paper version of the questionnaire, and then the EPDS and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to investigate their social support information. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression in perinatal pregnant women. The procedures followed in this study were in accordance with the newly revised World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki in 2013, and informed consent for clinical study was signed with all subjects.

Results

① Among 142 pregnant women, the detection rate of depression was 45.1% (64/142). There were significant differences in education level and growth environment between two groups (P<0.05). ② The scores of each dimension of SSRS in two groups showed that the score of support utilization of depression group was lower than that of the non-depression group [(6.6±1.2) scores vs (7.8±1.6) scores], and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.72, P<0.001). ③ Among the social related factors of pregnant women in two groups, there were statistically significant differences in the composition ratio of the total score of the SSRS and the support degree of community medical service center (χ2=12.26, 11.56; P=0.002, 0.009). ④ The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that education level, growth environment and the total score of SSRS were the influencing factors of perinatal pregnant depression. Among them, growing up in rural areas (OR=2.397, 95%CI: 1.012-5.675, P=0.047) and lower education level (high school and technical secondary school) (OR=3.929, 95%CI: 1.046-14.762, P=0.043) were independent risk factors. In addition, the total score of SSRS was 30-39 (OR=0.106, 95%CI: 0.024-0.472, P=0.003) was an independent protective factor for perinatal pregnant women. ⑤ The most desired support and help for perinatal pregnant women in two groups was " economy" .

Conclusions

Under the circumstance of COVID-19 pandemic, it may be helpful to regulate the bad mood of pregnant women. For perinatal pregnant women, help and support from community health centers are still lacking. Timely screening and intervention are necessary to prevent the occurrence of depression in perinatal pregnant women. Due to the increasing cost of childbearing, there is an urgent need for economic support during perinatal period.

表1 2组围生期孕产妇一般资料比较[例数(%)]
表2 2组围生期孕产妇SSRS不同维度得分比较(分,±s)
表3 2组围生期孕产妇相关因素比较[例数(%)]
组别 例数 SSRS总分 社区医疗服务中心支持程度
<30分 30~39分 ≥40分 无支持 较低 一般 全力以赴
抑郁组 64 21(32.8) 38(59.4) 5(7.8) 11(17.2) 7(10.9) 12(18.8) 34(53.1)
非抑郁组 78 9(11.5) 52(66.7) 17(21.8) 4(5.1) 4(5.1) 31(39.7) 39(50.0)
χ2   12.26 11.56
P   0.002 0.009
组别 例数 医保方式 经济条件满意度
全自费 城镇职工医保 城乡居民医保 商业保险 非常满意 满意 不满意 非常不满意
抑郁组 64 11(17.2) 18(28.1) 38(59.4) 4(6.2) 5(7.8) 51(79.7) 8(12.5) 0(0)
非抑郁组 78 8(10.3) 37(47.4) 34(43.6) 6(7.7) 10(12.8) 57(73.1) 10(12.8) 1(1.3)
χ2   6.47a b
P   0.087 0.672
组别 例数 参加各团体组织的宣传妇幼保健相关活动 医院支持程度
从不参加 偶尔参加 经常参加 主动参加并积极活动 无支持 较低 一般 全力支持
抑郁组 64 22(34.4) 40(62.5) 0(0) 2(3.1) 3(4.7) 0(0) 10(15.6) 51(79.7)
非抑郁组 78 19(24.4) 50(64.1) 3(3.9) 6(7.7) 1(1.3) 1(1.3) 11(14.1) 65(83.3)
χ2   4.49a b
P   0.204 0.556
组别 例数 政府政策支持程度 工作单位或雇主支持程度
无支持 较低 一般 全力支持 无支持 较低 一般 全力支持
抑郁组 64 12(18.8) 5(7.8) 13(20.3) 43(67.2) 14(21.9) 7(10.9) 17(26.6) 26(40.6)
非抑郁组 78 7(9.0) 3(3.8) 26(33.3) 42(53.8) 6(7.7) 8(10.3) 20(25.6) 44(56.4)
χ2   5.95a 6.82
P   0.108 0.078
组别 例数 共同居住亲属
丈夫 孩子 男方父母 女方父母 男方亲属 女方亲属 其他
抑郁组 64 56(87.5) 23(35.9) 20(31.2) 8(12.5) 3(4.7) 2(3.1) 4(6.2)
非抑郁组 78 75(96.2) 27(34.6) 30(38.5) 9(11.5) 4(5.1) 1(1.3) 2(2.6)
χ2   2.62a
P   0.883
表4 导致围生期孕产妇抑郁情绪影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果
图1 抑郁组64例围生期孕产妇(孕龄为28孕周至产后7 d)填写开放性问题的高频关键词分析结果
图2 非抑郁组78例围生期孕产妇(孕龄为28孕周至产后7 d)填写开放性问题的高频关键词分析结果
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