妇产科患者静脉血栓栓塞症风险评估模型的研究现状

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2021.01.003

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是指静脉血管管腔内血液异常凝结，形成血栓而使血管完全或部分阻塞引起血液循环障碍，由此导致的一系列相关病理生理改变的临床疾病。VTE主要包括深静脉血栓形成(DVT)和肺栓塞。妊娠期VTE是一种非常严重的，具有潜在致死性的妊娠并发症。VTE是可预防性疾病，早预防、早发现、早治疗是避免VTE严重后果的重要原则。对妇产科患者利用VTE风险评估模型进行评估，可科学、有效、及时鉴别诊断VTE高危患者，而对其及时采取个性化预防措施，可降低女性患者VTE发生率。目前在妇产科领域研究和应用较为广泛的VTE风险评估模型包括：Caprini、Rogers、Autar及Khorana风险评估模型等。笔者分别拟就妇科与产科领域常用VTE风险评估模型的研究现状进行阐述，旨在为妇产科医师对VTE高危患者的评估提供参考。

关键词: 静脉血栓栓塞, 静脉血栓形成, 妊娠期及产褥期血栓栓塞症, 妊娠相关静脉血栓栓塞管理, 危险因素, 风险评估模型, 妇产科, 医院

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to abnormal coagulation of blood in venous vessels, which forms a thrombus and causes blood vessels completely or partially blocked, and then lead to blood circulation disorders and a series of pathophysiological changes. VTE mainly includes deepvein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism.VTE during pregnancy is a very serious and potentially fatal complication. As researches shown, the serious consequences of VTE are almost preventable with the principles of early prevention, early detection, and timely treatment. The key of reducing the morbidity of VTE in female patients is to accurately identify the high-risk groups via VTE risk assessment models, which contributes a lot to the differential diagnosis and personalized precautions. Currently, the widely used VTE risk assessment models include Caprini, Rogers, Autar and Khorana risk assessment models, etc.. In this review, the authors elaborate on current research status of above-mentioned models in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics, which provides a reference for the evaluation of obstetrics and gynecology patients with high-risk of VTE.

Key words: Venous thromboembolism, Venous thrombosis, Thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium, Management of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism, Risk factors, Risk assessment model, Obstetrics and gynecology department, hospital

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Current research status of venous thromboembolism risk assessment models among obstetrics and gynecology patients

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Current research status of venous thromboembolism risk assessment models among obstetrics and gynecology patients