小儿先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)是目前儿科临床较为常见的一种疾病。对CMT最常见的分类为：①颈部肿块型CMT，颈部可扪及肿块；②颈部肌肉质地改变型CMT，患儿颈部肌肉质地发生改变，但是颈部不可扪及肿块；③既无颈部肿块，又无颈部肌肉质地改变型CMT。目前临床对CMT患儿的诊断及鉴别诊断的方法较多，包括颈部超声检查、X射线摄片、CT及MRI等。与X射线摄片、CT及MRI相比，超声检查对CMT患儿的诊断，具有检查费用低、耗时短、患儿在检查过程中无需暴露于放射线辐射等优势，而且超声检查可为CMT患儿的临床诊断及其预后评估，提供较为客观的依据。笔者拟分别从常规超声、彩色多普勒超声、高频超声及超声弹性成像检查等，在CMT患儿的临床诊断，以及协助治疗方案制定方面的最新研究进展进行阐述。

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common clinical disease in children. At present, the most common classification of CMT is as follows. ①Cervical mass type CMT: with palpable mass in neck; ②Muscle texture changes type CMT: with muscle texture changes, but without cervical mass in neck; ③Neither with cervical mass nor qualitative muscle texture change type CMT. There are many methods for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CMT in children, including ultrasonography, X-ray, CT, MRI and so on. Compared with X-ray, CT and MRI, ultrasonography has the advantages of low cost, short time and without exposure to radiation in the diagnosis of CMT. And ultrasonography can provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of CMT. This article focuses on the latest research progresses in the clinical diagnosis and treatment protocols of children with CMT, including general ultrasonography, high frequency ultrasonography, color Doppler ultrasonography and ultrasound elastography.