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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2017, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 88 -92. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2017.01.016

所属专题: 文献

论著

儿童侵袭性肺曲霉病的临床分析
张菲菲1, 郭应坤2, 陶于洪3,()   
  1. 1. 610041 成都,四川大学华西第二医院儿科;610041 成都,四川大学华西临床医学院
    2. 610041 成都,四川大学华西第二医院放射科,出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室
    3. 610041 成都,四川大学华西第二医院儿科
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-15 修回日期:2017-01-04 出版日期:2017-02-01
  • 通信作者: 陶于洪

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children: clinical analysis of nine patients

Feifei Zhang1, Yingkun Guo2, Yuhong Tao3,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    2. Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    3. Department of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2016-08-15 Revised:2017-01-04 Published:2017-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Yuhong Tao
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Tao Yuhong, Email:
引用本文:

张菲菲, 郭应坤, 陶于洪. 儿童侵袭性肺曲霉病的临床分析[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2017, 13(01): 88-92.

Feifei Zhang, Yingkun Guo, Yuhong Tao. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children: clinical analysis of nine patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2017, 13(01): 88-92.

目的

探讨儿童侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)的诊断及治疗。

方法

选择2004年1月至2016年7月于四川大学华西第二医院确诊或临床诊断的9例IPA患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析IPA患儿的宿主高危因素、临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查结果、病理学检查结果、治疗及预后。

结果

9例IPA患儿中,确诊为4例,临床诊断为5例;男性患儿为5例,女性为4例;年龄为5个月~12岁。7例患儿存在宿主高危因素,3例合并肺结核。咳嗽、发热和肺部湿啰音是IPA患儿最常见的临床表现,仅2例出现咯血。确诊时最常见的胸部影像学表现是结节影和斑片影,仅3例出现晕轮征,无一例出现空气新月征。血培养结果均呈阴性,痰液和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)培养呈阳性者分别为2例和4例。3例患儿行肺活组织检查。8例患儿单用伏立康唑、伊曲康唑或米卡芬净,1例采用伏立康唑与两性霉素B脂质体联合治疗。所有患儿随访半年以上,7例痊愈,2例仍在治疗中。

结论

儿童IPA缺乏特异性临床表现和影像学改变,反复多次痰液和(或)BALF培养是诊断IPA的关键。早期使用抗真菌治疗可控制IPA。

Objective

To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in children.

Methods

From January 2004 to July 2016, nine children with proven IPA or possible IPA in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University were included into this study. The risk factors, clinical manifestations, chest radiographic findings, microbiological and pathological evidence, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed in nine patients.

Results

Among nine patients (four boys, five girls), four cases were proven IPA, and five cases were possible IPA.The risk factors were found in seven cases. Pulmonary tuberculosis coexisted in three cases. Cough, fever, moist rales were the most common manifestations, and only two cases had hemoptysis. The most common chest imaging was nodules and patchy shadow. Halo sign was found in three cases, and air crescent sign was not found. Blood culture was negative in all nine patients. The positive children of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture were two cases and four cases, respectively. Lung biopsy was conducted in three cases. Eight cases were treated with anti-fungal therapy (voriconazole, itraconazole, micafungin used alone), and only one case was treated with combination therapy (voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B). Seven cases recovered, and two cases are still receiving treatment.

Conclusions

The clinical manifestations and chest imaging of IPA are nonspecific. Repeated sputum and BALF culture are essential to clinical diagnosis of IPA. The patients in whom the antifungal therapy are initiated early have a good outcome.

表1 9例IPA患儿主要临床特征
患儿编号 年龄 宿主高危因素 发热情况 有无气促 肺部有无湿啰音 是否合并肺结核 影像学表现 G实验 GM实验 痰涂片结果 痰培养结果 BALF涂片结果 BALF培养结果 病理检查结果
1 12岁 AML(M2a型) 、中性粒细胞减少症 高热 结节影、斑片影、空洞、团块影 / 咯出物可见曲霉
2 6个月 面部血管瘤、支气管肺炎、中性粒细胞减少症 高热 斑片影、磨玻璃影、条索影、胸膜增厚 / /
3 5个月 先天性食道闭锁合并食管-气管瘘 低热 斑片影、空洞、网格影、条索影、胸膜增厚 / /
4 11个月 高热 实变影、斑片影、磨玻璃影、条索影胸膜增厚、胸腔积液 /
5 1岁 重症支气管肺炎及中毒性脑病接受甲基泼尼松龙治疗 高热 结节影、实变影、斑片影、纵隔气肿 / /
6 9岁 粟粒性肺结核 低热 结节影、空洞、粟粒影、肺门淋巴结大、胸膜增厚 经纤维支气管镜下活组织检查(+)
7 3岁 高热 结节影、晕轮征、磨玻璃影、斑片影、胸膜增厚 / 经纤维支气管镜下活组织检查(+)
8 8岁 左腹股沟淋巴管瘤、接受西罗莫司治疗 低热 结节影、团块影、厚壁脓肿、晕轮征、实变影、胸膜增厚 / 开胸肺活组织检查(+)
9 12岁 X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症 高热 结节影、斑片影、小树芽征、条索影、支气管扩张、网格影、马赛克征、实变影、晕轮征、胸膜增厚、胸腔积液 / /
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