探讨广西南宁地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿中肺炎支原体(MP)感染现状及流行病学特征。

选择2011年3月至2016年2月于广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院住院治疗的111 321例ARI患儿为研究对象。采用被动凝集法或免疫荧光法对其血清MP抗体进行检测。采用回顾性分析方法分析不同ARI类型，不同发病年份、季节，不同年龄及性别患儿的MP感染情况，并进行统计学分析。

①本研究111 321例ARI患儿中，MP感染率为39.0%(43 417/111 321)。不同ARI类型患儿的MP感染率比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝1 197.0，P＝0.000)。其中，肺炎患儿MP感染率最高，为44.5%(18 839/42 291)，上呼吸道感染患儿MP感染率最低，为33.8%(17 965/53 158)。MP感染患儿中，肺炎和上呼吸道感染患儿所占比例最高，分别为43.4%(18 839/43 417)和41.4%(17 965/43 417)。②本研究2015年ARI患儿的MP感染率为44.0%(16 922/38 479)，显著高于2011、2012、2013及2014年的39.4%(4 521/11 466)、34.1%(5 521/16 192)、36.9%(7 329/19 881)及36.1%(9 124/25 303)，并且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝694.7，P＝0.000)。2011－2015年，ARI患儿每年春、夏、秋、冬季的MP感染率分别比较，差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝63.5，P＝0.000；χ²＝80.2，P＝0.000；χ²＝33.4，P＝0.000；χ²＝176.3，P＝0.000；χ²＝124.7，P＝0.000)，并且均以冬季的MP感染率最高，分别为46.0%(1 207/2 622)、38.6%(1 638/4 246)、39.7%(1 950/4 914)、40.3%(2 643/6 562)与47.6%(4 945/10 399)。③本研究6～14岁ARI患儿中MP感染率为61.5%(6 704/10 902)，显著高于<28 d患儿的2.2%(49/2 214)、28 d至1岁患儿的13.8%(3 858/27 949)、1～3岁患儿的43.1%(15 087/34 996)，以及3～6岁患儿的50.3%(17 719/35 260)。不同年龄段ARI患儿中，MP感染率比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝13 179.1，P＝0.000)。④本研究女性ARI患儿的MP感染率为45.8%(20 017/43 746)，显著高于男性的34.6%(23 400/67 575)，二者比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝1 400.2，P＝0.000)。

广西南宁地区ARI患儿中，MP感染全年均有发生，以冬季最为高发，女性ARI患儿MP感染率高于男性患儿，6～14岁学龄期ARI患儿MP感染率高于<6岁者。MP感染临床表现以肺炎和上呼吸道感染为主。

To analyze the status and epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children with the acute respiratory infection (ARI).

From March 2011 to February 2016, a total of 111 321 cases of hospitalized children with ARI were selected as research subjects. Serum MP antibody in children with ARI was detected by passive agglutination method and immumofluorescence method. The infection rates of MP in children with ARI among different disease types, years, seasons, ages and genders were retrospectively analyzed and were analyzed by statistical methods.

①Among 111 321 cases of children with ARI, the infection rate of MP was 39.0% (43 411/111 321). There were statistical differences among the infection rates of MP in children with different disease types of ARI (χ²=1 197.0, P=0.000). And the infection rate of MP was the highest in children with pneumonia which was 44.5% (18 839/42 291), while it was lowest in children with upper respiratory tract infection which was 33.8% (17 965/53 158). However, the top two of ARI children with MP were children with pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection which accounted for 43.4% (18 839/43 392) and 41.4% (17 965/43 417), respectively. ②The infection rate of MP in children with ARI in 2015 was 44.0% (16 922/38 479) which was higher than 39.4% (4 521/11 466) in 2011, 34.1% (5 521/16 192) in 2012, 36.9% (7 329/19 881) in 2013 and 36.1% (9 124/25 303) in 2014, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=694.7, P=0.000). There were statistical differences among the infection rates of MP in children with ARI in spring, summer, autumn and winter during 2011 to 2015 (χ²=63.5, P=0.000; χ²=80.2, P=0.000; χ²=33.4, P=0.000; χ²=176.3, P=0.000; χ²=47.6, P=0.000). During 2011 to 2015, the seasonal peak of MP infection was winter in every year, and they were 46.0% (1 207/2 622), 38.6% (1 638/4 246), 39.7% (1 950/4 914), 40.3% (2 643/6 562) and 47.6% (4 945/10 399), respectively. ③The infection rate of MP was higher in children aged 6-14 years old (61.5%, 6 704/10 902) than those aged under 28 days old (2.2%, 49/2 214), aged 28 days to 1 year old (13.8%, 3 858/27 949), aged 1-3 years old (43.1%, 15 087/34 996) and aged 3-6 years old (50.3%, 17 719/35 260). There were statistical differences among the infection rates of MP in different age groups children with ARI (χ²=13 179.1, P=0.000). ④The infection rate of MP in girls was higher (45.8%, 20 017/43 746) than that in boys (34.6%, 23 400/67 575), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=1 400.2, P=0.000).

In Nanning, MP infection occurs all through the year in children with ARI, and the infection rate in winter is the highest. The infection rate of MP in girls is higher than that in boys, and the infection rate in children aged 6-14 years old is higher than that of the children aged less than 6 years old. The clinical manifestations of MP infection are primary to pneumonia or upper respiratory infection.