通过检测microRNA (miR)－16在急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B－ALL)患儿骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNCs)中的表达水平，分析miR－16在不同组B－ALL患儿中的表达差异，探讨miR－16在B－ALL的发生发展及预后中的意义。

收集2006年10月至2010年10月在青岛大学医学院附属医院儿科和青岛市立医院儿科初诊为B－ALL的36例患儿及12例健康儿童的骨髓标本为研究对象，分别纳入研究组和对照组。对研究组36例B－ALL患儿进行髂后上嵴穿刺获取BMMNCs，最终确诊为B－ALL高危标本为13例，标危标本为23例，分别纳入高危组和标危组。对研究组分别于化疗前、后采集标本进行实时(real－time)荧光定量PCR法检测BMMNCs中miR－16表达。对化疗后miR－16表达明显升高的30例患儿标本，纳入化疗敏感组，其余6例，纳入化疗耐药组(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准，得到该委员会批准)。

①miR－16在研究组的表达水平明显低于对照组，高危组明显低于标危组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；② B－ALL患儿化疗后，miR－16表达水平较化疗前明显升高，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其中以化疗敏感组升高最为明显(P<0.05)，化疗耐药组化疗前、后miR－16表达水平比较，差异统计学意义(P>0.05)。

miR－16低表达在B－ALL发病中发挥着重要作用，与白血病细胞增殖、转移能力和预后密切相关，可作为判断B－ALL患儿预后指标之一。

To explore the expression of microRNA (miR)-16 in bone marrow mono-nuclear cells (BMMNCs) of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

From October 2006 to October 2010, a total of 36 cases of childhood B-ALL bone marrow prepares (study group) and normal samples from 12 healthy children (control group) were admitted in the Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University and Qingdao Municipal Hospital. According to results of posterior superior iliac crest puncture to obtain BMMNCs, high risk bone marrow prepares were included into high risk group(n=13), standard risk bone marrow prepares were included into high risk group(n=23). Expression levels of miR-16 in BMMNCs of childhood B-ALL children before and after chemical therapy were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) and the correlations between the expression levels of miR-16 and related subgroup were further analyzed. Expression levels of miR-16 had statistically significant increase after chemical therapy were included into sensitive group(n=30), the others were included into chemotherapy resistant group(n=6).

Expression levels of miR-16 in study group were higher than those in control group, especially in high risk group (P<0.05). Expression levels of miR-16 in childhood B-ALL patients increased after chemical therapy than those before treatment, especially in sensitive group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant change in chemotherapy resistant group after chemical therapy(P>0.05).

MiR-16 plays an important role in the development of childhood B-ALL. Low-regulated expression of miR-16 was associated with poor prognosis.