注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)为常见的神经发育障碍性疾病，患儿核心症状表现为注意力不集中、多动和冲动，多发于儿童和青少年时期，部分患儿症状可持续至成年。ADHD给患儿的学习、社交及日常生活均带来不良影响，如导致其学习效率下降、人际互动受阻及安全风险增加等。由于对ADHD患儿临床诊断迄今尚缺乏明确的生物学标志物，主要依赖临床医师的主观评估，因此开发科学、可靠的对其学业表现、家庭互动、社交适应、生活技能及自我认知等多维度功能缺陷(以下将其简称为"功能缺陷")的评估工具显得尤为重要。这类工具能够系统收集患儿在实际生活场景中的功能受损信息，为ADHD患儿筛查、诊断分级、治疗方案制定及疗效监测提供客观依据，同时也有助于丰富ADHD诊断领域的理论体系，为临床实践提供切实指导。ADHD患儿的功能缺陷评估，在其临床诊断、治疗方案制定及疗效评价中具有至关重要作用，但是目前多数ADHD评定量表聚焦于ADHD患儿的核心症状评估，仅少数量表，整合患儿的功能缺陷评估维度。笔者拟系统阐述ADHD患儿功能缺陷评估量表的研究与临床应用现状及发展趋势。对国内外主要ADHD患儿功能缺陷评估工具，如ADHD功能缺陷量表(ADHD-FX)、Barkley功能缺陷量表(BFIS)、功能缺陷评定量表(IRS)、Weiss功能缺陷量表(WFIRS)等4种功能缺陷评估量表进行系统评述和重点分析，旨在了解这些量表ADHD患儿的心理测量学特性，在ADHD患儿临床诊断、治疗目标设定及疗效监测中的应用现状，以及适用人群和优、缺点，为ADHD患儿的临床评估体系的完善及个体化干预策略制定提供理论依据与实践指导。

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. Its core symptoms, including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, may persist into adulthood and significantly affect academic performance, family functioning, social relationships, daily living skills, and overall quality of life. Currently, the diagnosis of ADHD mainly relies on clinical assessment because no definitive biological markers have been established. Therefore, reliable and valid instruments for evaluating functional impairment have become increasingly important in ADHD assessment and management. Functional impairment assessment tools can systematically evaluate difficulties experienced by children with ADHD in real-world settings and provide valuable information for screening, diagnostic evaluation, treatment planning, and outcome monitoring. However, most existing ADHD rating scales primarily focus on symptom severity, whereas relatively few instruments comprehensively assess functional impairment across multiple domains. This review summarizes the current research status, clinical applications, and future development trends of functional impairment assessment instruments for children and adolescents with ADHD. Four representative scales, including the ADHD functional impairment scale (ADHD-FX), Barkley functional impairment scale (BFIS), impairment rating scale (IRS), and Weiss functional impairment rating scale (WFIRS), are systematically reviewed. Their psychometric properties, target populations, strengths, limitations, and clinical utility are discussed, with particular emphasis on their roles in diagnostic evaluation, treatment goal setting, and therapeutic outcome assessment. This review aims to provide theoretical evidence and practical guidance for improving the clinical assessment framework of ADHD and promoting the development of individualized intervention strategies.