切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (01) : 34 -41. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2026.01.006

论著

"医-教-康-托"四位一体服务管理模式对智力障碍患儿生活自理与社会适应能力及家长生活质量的影响
张冬青1,2, 李泽伟3, 彭德鹏3, 鲁东升3, 王秋1,()   
  1. 1四川大学华西第二医院康复医学科、出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,成都 610041
    2电子科技大学医学院附属绵阳医院·绵阳市中心医院康复医学科,绵阳 621000
    3屏山县人民医院康复医学科,屏山 645350
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-26 修回日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 王秋

Impact of the integrated " medical-education-rehabilitation-childcare" service management model on the self-care and social adaptation abilities of children with intellectual disabilities and the life quality of their parents

Dongqing Zhang1,2, Zewei Li3, Depeng Peng3, Dongsheng Lu3, Qiu Wang1,()   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mianyang Hospital·Mianyang Central Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
    3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People′s Hospital of Pingshan County, Pingshan 645350, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-26 Revised:2025-12-26 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Qiu Wang
  • Supported by:
    Central Government Guides Local Scientific and Technological Development Project of Sichuan Province(2024ZYD0292); Innovation Team Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission(24CXTD17)
引用本文:

张冬青, 李泽伟, 彭德鹏, 鲁东升, 王秋. "医-教-康-托"四位一体服务管理模式对智力障碍患儿生活自理与社会适应能力及家长生活质量的影响[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2026, 22(01): 34-41.

Dongqing Zhang, Zewei Li, Depeng Peng, Dongsheng Lu, Qiu Wang. Impact of the integrated " medical-education-rehabilitation-childcare" service management model on the self-care and social adaptation abilities of children with intellectual disabilities and the life quality of their parents[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2026, 22(01): 34-41.

目的

探讨"医-教-康-托"四位一体服务管理模式对智力障碍患儿生活自理与社会适应能力及家长生活质量(QoL)的改善效果。

方法

采用配额抽样法,选择2022年6月至2024年12月四川省屏山县"青苗救护"残疾儿童康复托养中心及屏山县人民医院康复医学科收治的80例智力障碍患儿为研究对象。采用随机数字表法,将其分别纳入研究组(n=40,采用"医-教-康-托"四位一体服务管理模式进行干预)和对照组(n=40,采用常规综合康复训练与家庭康复训练模式进行干预)。干预前、后,对2组智力障碍患儿采用Barthel指数量表进行日常生活活动(ADL)能力评估,采用婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表(S-M)进行社会适应能力评估,采用世界卫生组织生活质量测定简明量表(WHOQOL-BREF)进行患儿家长QoL评估,并采用成组或配对t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合屏山县人民医院伦理委员会规定,并获得该伦理委员会批准(审批文号:20244142)。

结果

①2组智力障碍患儿性别构成比、年龄、智力商数(IQ)及智力障碍程度构成比分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②干预前,2组患儿的ADL能力、S-M各维度评分及总评分,以及家长QoL总评分分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,研究组ADL能力总评分为(70.5±13.3)分,显著高于对照组的(62.3±16.2)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.04,P=0.002);干预后,研究组患儿ADL能力各维度评分及总评分均较组内干预前显著增高,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组患儿S-M总评分及人际交往、参加集体活动、自我管理能力维度评分均显著高于对照组(P=0.035、0.007、0.005、0.001);干预后,研究组和对照组患儿S-M各维度评分及总评分,均较组内干预前显著增高,并且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组患儿家长QoL总评分为(72.4±9.9)分,显著高于对照组的(58.0±10.2)分,并且差异有统计学意义(t=-7.58,P<0.001);干预后,研究组和对照组患儿家长QoL总评分均较组内干预前显著增高,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

与常规综合康复训练和家庭康复训练模式相比,"医-教-康-托"四位一体服务管理模式更具优势,可显著改善智力障碍患儿的生活自理、社会适应能力和家长生活质量。

Objective

To explore the improvement effect of " medical-education-rehabilitation-childcare" service management model on the self-care and social adaptation abilities of children with intellectual disabilities and the quality of life (QoL) of their parents.

Methods

A total of 80 children with intellectual disabilities admitted to Pingshan County " Qingmiao Rescue" Rehabilitation and Care Center for Disabled Children and the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People′s Hospital of Pingshan County from June 2022 to December 2024 were included as study subjects by quota sampling method. They were divided into study group (n=40, who received intervention using " medical-education-rehabilitation-childcare" service management model) and control group (n=40, who received intervention using a combination of routine comprehensive rehabilitation training and family rehabilitation training) by random number table method. Before and after intervention, the Barthel index scale was used to assess the activity of daily living (ADL) of the two groups of children with intellectual disabilities, the social maturity scale was used to assess their social adaptability, and the World Health Organization quality of life scale-brief (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess the QoL of the children′s parents. Statistical comparisons were performed using independent or paired samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The procedures followed in this study complied with the regulations of the Ethics Committee of People′s Hospital of Pingshan County and were approved by the ethics committee (Approval No. 20244142).

Results

①There were no significant differences in gender, age, intelligence quotient (IQ), and degree of intellectual disability between the two groups of children with intellectual disabilities (all P>0.05). ②Before intervention, there were no differences in each dimension score and total score of ADL ability, S-M, as well as the total QoL scores of the parents of two groups of children (all P>0.05). After intervention, the total score of ADL ability in study group was (70.5±13.3) points, which was significantly higher than (62.3±16.2) points in control group (t=-3.04, P=0.002). Meanwhile, after intervention, both the total score and each dimension score of ADL ability and S-M in study group of children were significantly improved compared to before intervention within the group (all P<0.05). After intervention, the total S-M score and scores for interpersonal communication, participation in group activities, and self-management ability in the study group were significantly higher than those in control group (P=0.035, 0.007, 0.005, 0.001). After the intervention, the total QoL score of the parents of children in study group was (72.4±9.9) points, which was significantly higher than that of control group (58.0±10.2) points, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-7.58, P<0.001). After intervention, the total QoL scores of the parents of children in both the study group and the control group were significantly higher than those before the intervention within each group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Compared with the conventional comprehensive rehabilitation training and family rehabilitation training model, the " medical-education-rehabilitation-childcare" service management model has greater advantages and can significantly improve the self-care ability, social adaptation behavior of children with intellectual disabilities and the QoL of their parents.

表1 本研究2组智力障碍患儿一般临床资料比较
表2 本研究2组智力障碍患儿干预前、后ADL能力各维度评分及总评分组间与组内比较(分)
组别 例数 进餐(±s) 床旁椅转移(±s)
干预前 干预后 t P 干预前 干预后 t P
研究组 40 6.9±2.0 9.9±1.8 -6.97 <0.001 7.8±2.3 10.6±2.6 -4.41 <0.001
对照组 40 7.0±2.1 9.2±2.2 -4.75 <0.001 8.3±2.5 10.4±3.1 -4.12 <0.001
统计量   t=-0.19 t=-1.42     t=0.38 t=-1.07    
P   0.848 0.160     0.823 0.286    
组别 例数 修饰[M(Q1Q3)] 如厕(±s)
干预前 干预后 Z P 干预前 干预后 t P
研究组 40 1.7(1.1,3.6) 4.3(2.4,7.3) -4.47 <0.001 3.5±0.8 4.9±1.6 -2.81 0.005
对照组 40 1.5(0.9,3.3) 2.5(1.3,4.3) -3.32 0.001 3.8±1.2 5.0±1.4 -3.16 0.002
统计量   Z=1.09 Z=-2.65     t=0.39 t=0.13    
P   0.217 0.004     0.725 0.896    
组别 例数 洗澡[M(Q1Q3)] 平地行走(±s)
干预前 干预后 Z P 干预前 干预后 t P
研究组 40 0.4(0.1,1.3) 1.8(1.1,2.3) -3.22 0.001 9.9±2.7 10.9±2.2 -2.53 0.011
对照组 40 0.6(0.2,1.1) 0.8(0.3,1.5) -0.92 0.246 9.4±2.8 10.5±2.7 -2.71 0.007
统计量   Z=0.47 Z=-2.62     t=-0.82 t=-0.66    
P   0.621 0.009     0.415 0.509    
组别 例数 上下楼梯(±s) 穿衣(±s)
干预前 干预后 t P 干预前 干预后 t P
研究组 40 5.3±1.5 6.0±2.3 -2.45 0.014 5.6±2.0 8.9±1.2 -5.10 <0.001
对照组 40 5.0±1.4 5.8±1.6 -2.00 0.046 6.3±2.7 8.3±1.3 -4.00 <0.001
统计量   t=0.23 t=-0.67     t=0.92 t=-2.23    
P   0.815 0.502     0.301 0.026    
组别 例数 大便控制[M(Q1Q3)] 小便控制(±s)
干预前 干预后 Z P 干预前 干预后 t P
研究组 40 1.9(1.1,2.7) 2.5(2.1,5.3) -3.42 0.001 7.5±1.6 9.0±1.3 -3.21 0.001
对照组 40 1.8(1.3,3.1) 2.2(1.9,3.4) -1.73 0.083 6.9±3.1 7.9±2.0 -2.83 0.005
统计量   Z=0.12 Z=-1.50     t=0.75 t=-0.83    
P   0.893 0.133     0.382 0.404    
组别 例数 总评分(±s)
干预前 干预后 t P
研究组 40 50.5±17.7 70.5±13.3 -5.53 <0.001
对照组 40 49.5±17.7 62.3±16.2 -5.11 <0.001
统计量   t=0.23 t=-3.04    
P   0.883 0.002    
表3 本研究2组智力障碍患儿干预前、后S-M各维度评分及总评分组间与组内比较(分)
表4 本研究2组智力障碍患儿干预前、后家长QoL总评分组间与组内比较(分,±s)
[1]
Schalock RL, Luckasson R, Tassé MJ. An overview of intellectual disability: definition, diagnosis, classification, and systems of supports (12th ed.)[J]. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 2021, 126(6): 439-442. DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-126.6.439.
[2]
师家璇,魏寿洪. 社交媒体介入策略对智力障碍青少年社交技能的干预研究——以微信为例[J]. 中国特殊教育2023, (7): 44-52. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2023.07.006.
[3]
郭立亚,许翀,赵婉谷,等. 中等强度足球运动干预对轻中度智力障碍儿童平衡能力影响研究[J]. 武汉体育学院学报2023, 57(11): 84-92. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-520X.2023.11.012.
[4]
邢玉,柳皓严,吴雪萍. 运动干预对智力障碍儿童青少年平衡能力影响的Meta分析[J]. 首都体育学院学报2021, 33(4): 420-428. DOI:10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2021.04.009.
[5]
Espaulella-Ferrer M, Morel-Corona FJ, Zarco-Martinez M, et al. Health care model for people living in nursing homes based on integrated care[J]. J Integr Care, 2024, 32(1): 18-30.DOI: 10.1108/JICA-07-2023-0059.
[6]
国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 37516-2019就业年龄段智力、精神及重度肢体残疾人托养服务规范[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2020.
[7]
唐丽君,张海涛,陈蕾,等. 韦氏儿童智力量表全式和简式在智力评残中的应用效果[J]. 中国当代医药2022, 29(6): 66-68, 72. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4721.2022.06.019.
[8]
王宏琴,徐靖,龚腊梅,等. Barthel指数量表在小儿生活自理能力评估应用中年龄最佳临界值的研究[J]. 中华现代护理杂志2022, 28(36): 5094-5097. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115682-20220106-00078.
[9]
金珊,方向,杨文明,等. 脑型Wilson病儿童的情绪行为与社会生活能力特点研究[J]. 中华全科医学2022, 20(9): 1455-1457, 1501. DOI: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002621.
[10]
何莉. 特殊儿童家长亲职压力、心理弹性与生存质量的现状及关系研究[D]. 重庆:重庆师范大学,2020. DOI: 10.27672/d.cnki.gcsfc.2020.000526.
[11]
李莎,邱卓英. 智力与发展性残疾儿童言语和语言功能特点及教育课程和康复方案:基于ICF的研究[J]. 中国康复理论与实践2025, 31(8): 930-938. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.08.009.
[12]
Wolan-Nieroda A, Łukasiewicz A, Leszczak J, et al. Assessment of functional performance in children with cerebral palsy receiving treatment in a day care facility: an observational study[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2022, 28: e936207. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936207.
[13]
Harris JD, Brand JC, Cote M, et al. Guidelines for proper reporting of clinical significance, including minimal clinically important difference, patient acceptable symptomatic state, substantial clinical benefit, and maximal outcome improvement[J]. Arthroscopy, 2023, 39(2): 145-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.08.020.
[14]
杜丽君,樊海珍,贾利芳,等. 儿童智力障碍/发育迟缓病因学探讨[J]. 中国妇幼保健2022, 37(18): 3449-3452. DOI:10.19829/j.zgfybj.issn.1001-4411.2022.18.042.
[15]
王丹丹,张磊,吴雪萍. 健康中国背景下适应性身体活动对福利院重度智力障碍儿童身体活动水平和社会适应能力的影响研究[J]. 天津体育学院学报2023, 38(3): 367-372. DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2023.03.019.
[16]
孙圣涛,崔新,黄平. 父母自我效能感与智力障碍儿童社会适应能力的双向影响:性别的调节作用[J]. 教育生物学杂志2022, 10(1): 21-26. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.005.
[17]
Hsieh RL, Lin MI, Huang HY, et al. Correlations between functional performance, health-related quality of life, and parental impact on children with developmental delays[J]. Dev Neurorehabil, 2014, 17(3): 176-183. DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2012.747569.
[18]
Lobato-Ruiz V, Romero-Ayuso D, Toledano-González A, et al. Quality of life and parental stress related to executive functioning, sensory processing and activities of daily living in children with neurodevelopmental disorders[J]. PeerJ, 2025, 13: e19326. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19326.
[1] 鲍正远, 蔡宖钢, 崔灿, 张颖恺, 蒋青, 徐志宏. 单侧全髋关节置换术前髋周肌群质量与术后功能的相关性[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 164-173.
[2] 张猛, 李军, 李娜, 孙豪, 韩军涛. 小儿烧伤后手指掌侧瘢痕的临床分型与治疗方式探讨[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(03): 177-182.
[3] 杨碧涵, 赵丹, 夏京花, 贾云洋, 鲁雪梅. 髋部骨折患者术后康复效果的评估工具[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(03): 191-198.
[4] 李靖思, 张荣华, 刘景磊, 高焕宇, 毛学惠, 石玉龙. 中大型切口疝患者的生活质量及其影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 155-161.
[5] 王妮, 赵哲, 王敏, 缪怡. 瑞马唑仑联合右美托咪定滴鼻在小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术中的应用[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 190-194.
[6] 马懿迪, 王素美. 阴道封闭术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 233-237.
[7] 中国研究型医院学会微创外科学专业委员会, 中国研究型医院学会智能医学专业委员会. 肝切除日归手术多学科专家共识(2026版)[J/OL]. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(02): 65-76.
[8] 杨健良, 张爱玲, 王晓明, 代天星, 袁峰, 朱灿华, 蓝岚, 杨汉宇, 汪国营. 早期拔除气管插管快通道麻醉在肝移植中应用[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2026, 15(03): 398-404.
[9] 麦吾兰江·麦麦提, 阿力娅·图拉丁, 吐尔洪江·吐逊. ABO血型不相容肝移植免疫抑制策略[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2026, 15(02): 152-159.
[10] 许萍萍, 宋丹阳, 李笑, 李辉, 王霞. 降钙素原与氨基末端B型利钠肽原联合评分对甲泼尼龙联合集成化血液净化治疗儿童严重脓毒症效果的分层价值[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2026, 15(02): 93-99.
[11] 钱涛. 融合与重塑:神经调控康复一体化范式的构建与展望[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(02): 65-70.
[12] 杨飞, 平兴团, 阴少凯, 李伟, 李杰, 王科, 代巧娟, 杨俊强, 马丽红. 基于神经可塑性理论的整体促通技术方案的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(02): 100-109.
[13] 何淑敏, 盛倩倩, 丁桂霞. 儿童狼疮性肾炎合并高尿酸血症的特征分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 90-96.
[14] 刘丽, 高福磊, 黄祥忠, 朱翠芳. 主客体互倚模型下125I粒子植入患者及照顾者病耻感与生活质量关联分析[J/OL]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2026, 14(02): 188-194.
[15] 宋学栋, 夏杰军, 庞宁东, 刘国珩, 韦树长. 经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压患儿一例[J/OL]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2026, 14(02): 216-218.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?