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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (04) : 411 -419. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.04.006

论著

MRI磁化准备快速采集梯度回波序列对儿童脑发育的定量评估作用
刘赛, 廖怡, 贾凤林, 李学胜, 马鑫茂, 李珮, 宁刚, 曲海波†()   
  1. 四川大学华西第二医院放射科、出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室，成都　610041
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-08-01
  • 通信作者: 曲海波

Quantitative evaluation of brain development in children using MRI magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequences

Sai Liu, Yi Liao, Fenglin Jia, Xuesheng Li, Xinmao Ma, Pei Li, Gang Ning, Haibo Qu†()   

  1. Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-08 Revised:2025-07-10 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Haibo Qu
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program(2018YFC1002202)
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引用本文：

刘赛, 廖怡, 贾凤林, 李学胜, 马鑫茂, 李珮, 宁刚, 曲海波. MRI磁化准备快速采集梯度回波序列对儿童脑发育的定量评估作用[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(04): 411-419.

Sai Liu, Yi Liao, Fenglin Jia, Xuesheng Li, Xinmao Ma, Pei Li, Gang Ning, Haibo Qu. Quantitative evaluation of brain development in children using MRI magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequences[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(04): 411-419.

目的

探讨MRI磁化准备快速采集梯度回波(MP2RAGE)序列，对儿童不同脑区脑组织T1值的定量评估作用，以及儿童不同脑区脑组织T1值随着其性别、年龄的变化特点。

方法

选择2021年5月至2023年6月于四川大学华西第二医院进行颅脑MRI检查，并且检查结果未见异常的71例3~18岁儿童为研究对象。其中，男性37例，女性34例，中位年龄为8.7岁(5.1，11.7岁)。采用3.0T MRI扫描仪对所有受试儿进行颅脑MP2RAGE序列检查，分别测量其小脑，小脑中脚，脑桥腹侧、背侧，额叶白质，胼胝体膝部、压部，内囊前肢、后肢，颞叶白质，丘脑，尾状核头，枕叶白质，顶叶白质，中央前、后回白质等15个脑区脑组织的T1值。采用Spearman秩相关性分析方法，对受试儿各脑区脑组织T1值与其年龄的相关性进行统计学分析。采用成组t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验，对不同性别受试儿各脑区脑组织T1值进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求，并与受试儿监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。

结果

①这71例受试儿各脑区脑组织T1值与其年龄的相关性分析结果显示，脑桥背侧、额叶白质、颞叶白质、顶叶白质及尾状核头的T1值与其年龄，均呈较强负相关关系(rs＝－0.793~－0.610，P<0.001)，丘脑、枕叶白质、内囊前肢、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部及中央前、后回白质的T1值与其年龄，均呈中等负相关关系(rs＝－0.588~－0.413，P<0.001)，小脑、小脑中脚及内囊后肢的T1值与其年龄，均呈弱负相关关系(rs＝－0.316~－0.203，P<0.05)，而脑桥腹侧T1值与其年龄无相关关系(rs＝－0.051，P>0.05)。②男性受试儿小脑中脚、脑桥背侧和尾状核头的T1值，均显著高于女性，并且差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.43、2.66、2.44，P＝0.018、0.010、0.017)。③这71例受试儿颅脑各脑区脑组织T1值最高的3个脑区脑组织依次为：尾状核头(1 333.8±49.4)ms、丘脑(1 067.4±59.1)ms、脑桥背侧(1 003.2±38.4)ms，T1值最低的3个脑区脑组织依次为：胼胝体压部(777.4±25.1)ms、胼胝体膝部(783.0±35.9)ms和内囊后肢(834.5±38.0) ms。

结论

MRI MP2RAGE序列，可无创定量评估儿童脑发育过程中不同脑组织的变化趋势，儿童脑组织发育过程中大部分脑区脑组织的T1值随着年龄增长而降低，并且不同性别及不同脑区脑组织T1值亦各异。

关键词: 磁共振成像, 磁化准备快速采集梯度回波序列, T1值, 脑发育, 髓鞘, 儿童
Objective

To explore the roles of quantitative evaluation of T1 values in tissues of different brain regions of children using the magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) sequence of MRI, and the characteristics of T1 values in tissues of different brain regions of children with different gender and age.

Methods

A total of 71 children aged 3 to 18 years who underwent cranial MRI at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, from May 2021 to June 2023, with no abnormal findings on imaging, were enrolled in this study. Among them, 37 were boys and 34 were girls, with a median age of 8.7 years (5.1, 11.7 years). All children underwent cranial MP2RAGE sequence scanning using a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner, and the T1 values of tissues in 15 brain regions were measured, including the cerebellum, middle cerebellar peduncle, ventral and dorsal pons, frontal lobe white matter, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, temporal lobe white matter, thalamus, caudate nucleus head, occipital lobe white matter, parietal lobe white matter, and precentral and postcentral gyrus white matter. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between T1 values and age in tissues of each brain region. T1 values between different genders were statistically compared using independent-samples t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. The procedures followed in this study complied with the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association revised in 2013, and informed consent form for clinical research was signed with the guardian of each child.

Results

①The correlation analysis of T1 values of tissues in various brain regions with age in 71 children showed that the T1 values of the dorsal pons, frontal white matter, temporal white matter, parietal white matter, and head of caudate nucleus were all strongly negatively correlated with age (rs=-0.793 to -0.610, P<0.001), while the T1 values of the thalamus, occipital white matter, anterior limb of the internal capsule, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and anterior and posterior central gyrus were all moderately negatively correlated with age (rs=-0.588 to -0.413, P<0.001). The T1 values of the cerebellum, middle foot of the cerebellum, and posterior limb of the internal capsule were weakly negatively correlated with age (rs=-0.316 to -0.203, P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the T1 value of the ventral pons and age (rs=-0.051, P>0.05). ②The T1 values of middle foot of the cerebellum, pons dorsal region, and head of the caudate nucleus in male children were significantly higher than those in female children (t=2.43, 2.66, 2.44; P=0.018, 0.010, 0.017). ③Among the 71 children, the tissues of three regions with the highest T1 values were the caudate nucleus head (1 333.8±49.4) ms, thalamus (1 067.4±59.1) ms, and dorsal pons (1 003.2±38.4) ms, respectively. The tissues of three regions with the lowest T1 values were the splenium of the corpus callosum (777.4±25.1) ms, the genu of the corpus callosum (783.0±35.9) ms, and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (834.5±38.0) ms.

Conclusions

MRI MP2RAGE can quantitatively and non-invasively reflect the changing trend of brain tissue during the development of children. T1 values of tissues in most brain regions decrease with age during the development of children′s brain, and there are also differences between different genders and different brain regions tissues.

Key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetization prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence, T1 value, Brain development, Myelin sheath, Child
图1 本研究1例受试儿(男性，10岁)颅脑各脑区脑组织T1值测量ROI示意图(图1A：1、2脑区；图1B：3、4脑区；图1C：5脑区；图1D：6~13脑区；图1E：14脑区；图1F：15脑区)注：1~15分别指小脑、小脑中脚、脑桥腹侧、脑桥背侧、颞叶白质、额叶白质、胼胝体膝部、尾状核头、内囊前肢、内囊后肢、丘脑、胼胝体压部、枕叶白质、顶叶白质及中央前、后回白质。ROI为感兴趣区
表1 本研究71例受试儿左、右脑不同脑区的脑组织T1值比较(ms)
脑区 例数 小脑(±s) 小脑中脚(±s) 脑桥腹侧(±s) 脑桥背侧(±s) 额叶白质(±s) 内囊前肢(±s) 内囊后肢(±s)
左侧 71 887.3±22.6 974.2±37.0 905.3±33.0 1 003.0±40.8 848.2±50.7 895.1±60.2 826.1±24.9
右侧 71 882.6±29.5 966.4±36.0 900.3±32.8 1 003.3±38.9 852.3±48.3 892.7±59.0 820.0±25.3
统计量   t＝0.75 t＝1.60 t＝1.48 t＝1.95 t＝0.36 t＝0.13 t＝0.55
P值   0.455 0.114 0.141 0.056 0.718 0.173 0.584
脑区 例数 颞叶白质(±s) 尾状核头(±s) 枕叶白质(±s) 丘脑[M(Q1，Q3)] 顶叶白质[M(Q1，Q3)] 中央前、后回白质[M(Q1，Q3)]
左侧 71 880.6±53.7 1 331.0±59.5 859.9±42.4 1 063.1(1 027.4，1 115.1) 843.2(826.7，875.6) 855.2(837.8，887.1)
右侧 71 875.0±53.1 1 333.7±50.2 860.4±44.0 1 052.2(1 013.3，1 106.5) 837.2(813.8，861.7) 848.9(832.9，872.4)
统计量   t＝1.07 t＝1.27 t＝0.38 Z＝－1.13 Z＝－1.53 Z＝－1.55
P值   0.284 0.661 0.713 0.258 0.125 0.120
图2 本研究71例受试儿颅脑各脑区脑组织T1值与其年龄的相关性分析(图2A：小脑区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2B：小脑中脚区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2C：脑桥腹侧区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2D：脑桥背侧区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2E：额叶白质区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2F：胼胝体膝部区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2G：内囊前肢区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2H：内囊后肢区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2I：胼胝体压部区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2J：额叶白质区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2K：尾状核头区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2L：丘脑区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2M：枕叶白质区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2N：顶叶白质区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析；图2O：中央前、后回白质区脑组织T1值与受试儿年龄的相关性分析)
表2 男、女性受试儿颅脑各脑区脑组织T1值比较(ms)
不同性别受试儿 例数 小脑(±s) 小脑中脚(±s) 脑桥腹侧(±s) 脑桥背侧(±s) 额叶白质(±s) 胼胝体膝部(±s) 内囊前肢(±s) 胼胝体压部(±s)
男性 37 889.0±27.7 974.1±33.9 907.0±35.3 1 014.4±38.3 852.4±53.3 789.9±38.4 897.5±53.3 778.5±28.3
女性 34 881.0±17.6 955.8±29.2 898.4±24.3 991.1±35.1 848.0±43.9 781.8±33.1 890.1±58.1 776.2±21.5
统计量   t＝1.46 t＝2.43 t＝1.17 t＝2.66 t＝0.38 t＝0.96 t＝0.56 t＝0.38
P值   0.156 0.018 0.244 0.010 0.704 0.342 0.581 0.704
不同性别受试儿 例数 颞叶白质(±s) 尾状核头(±s) 枕叶白质(±s) 内囊后肢[M(Q1，Q3)] 丘脑[M(Q1，Q3)] 顶叶白质[M(Q1，Q3)] 中央前、后回白质[M(Q1，Q3)]
男性 37 887.9±48.6 1 346.7±47.3 863.7±40.8 828.6(809.0，850.0) 1 056.3(1 025.7，1 110.2) 848.5(818.9，882.0) 852.6(833.0，884.0)
女性 34 867.0±46.4 1 316.9±55.7 856.3±34.4 825.5(813.7，846.5) 1 058.6(1 020.2，1 100.1) 833.7(818.8，855.3) 850.5(830.9，875.8)
统计量   t＝1.85 t＝2.44 t＝0.82 Z＝0.29 Z＝0.38 Z＝1.43 Z＝0.91
P值   0.069 0.017 0.415 0.774 0.704 0.154 0.363
图3 本研究71例受试儿颅脑15个脑区脑组织T1值的分布图
表3 本研究71例受试儿不同脑区脑组织T1值两两比较结果
不同脑区 T1值 P值
A vs B~F B vs C~F C vs D~F D vs E~F E vs F
A 1 333.8±49.4 — — — — —
B 1 067.4±59.1 <0.001 — — — —
C 1 003.2±38.4 <0.001 <0.001 — — —
D 777.4±25.1 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 — —
E 783.0±35.9 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.834 —
F 834.5±38.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
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