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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (03) : 329 -336. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2025.03.011

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论著

新生儿重症百日咳临床特征及危险因素分析
周润泽, 郭映兰, 刘霞, 韦红()   
  1. 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 韦红

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal severe pertussis

Runze Zhou, Yinglan Guo, Xia Liu, Hong Wei()   

  1. Department of Neonatology, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
  • Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2025-04-29 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Hong Wei
引用本文:

周润泽, 郭映兰, 刘霞, 韦红. 新生儿重症百日咳临床特征及危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(03): 329-336.

Runze Zhou, Yinglan Guo, Xia Liu, Hong Wei. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal severe pertussis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 21(03): 329-336.

目的

探讨新生儿重症百日咳的临床特征,并进行危险因素分析。

方法

选择2013年8月至2022年7月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的71例新生儿百日咳患儿为研究对象。按照重症百日咳诊断标准,将其分为重症组(n=20)与非重症组(n=51)。回顾性分析2组患儿一般临床资料、实验室与影像学检查结果、治疗及转归。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(AUC),分析2组患儿白细胞计数(WBC)峰值,预测新生儿百日咳进展为重症的临床价值。本研究遵循的程序符合重庆医科大学附属儿童医院伦理委员会审批制定的相关标准,并获得该伦理委员会审批[批件号:(2024)年伦审(研)第(13)号]。

结果

①重症组患儿住院天数、痉挛样咳嗽及并发重症肺炎发生率均高于非重症组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症组患儿WBC峰值、血小板计数(PLT)峰值、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平升高占比,均高于非重症组,并且差异亦均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患儿采取阿奇霉素治疗天数、机械通气治疗率和无创通气治疗率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WBC峰值诊断重症百日咳患儿的ROC-AUC为0.767(95%CI:0.646~0.888,P=0.010)。根据约登指数最大原则,诊断新生儿重症百日咳的WBC峰值最佳临界值为21.235×109/L,敏感度为80.0%,特异度为66.7%。

结论

新生儿重症百日咳更易出现痉挛样咳嗽、合并重症肺炎、CRP水平升高。当WBC>21.235×109/L时,易进展为重症百日咳。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe pertussis in newborns.

Methods

A total of 71 newborns with pertussis who were hospitalized at the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2013 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the diagnostic criteria for severe pertussis, the patients were divided into a severe group (n=20) and a non-severe group (n=51). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the general clinical data, laboratory test results, imaging findings, treatment, and outcomes of the two groups. The clinical value of the peak leukocyte count (WBC) in predicting the progression to severe pertussis was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The procedures followed in this study were in accordance with the relevant standards approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and obtained approval from the committee (Approval No.2024-13).

Results

① The severe group had longer hospital stays, higher incidence of spasmodic cough, and higher rate of severe pneumonia complications compared with the non-severe group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). ② The severe group had higher peak WBC, peak platelet count (PLT) and proportion of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, compared with the non-severe group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). ③ The two groups had statistically significant differences in the duration of azithromycin use, mechanical ventilation rate, and non-invasive ventilation rate (P<0.05). ④ The ROC-AUC for diagnosing severe pertussis using peak WBC was 0.767 (95%CI: 0.646-0.888, P=0.010). According to the principle of maximum Youden index, the optimal cutoff value for diagnosing severe pertussis in newborns was 21.235×109/L. At this cutoff, the sensitivity for diagnosing severe pertussis was 80.0%, and the specificity was 66.7%.

Conclusions

When the WBC level is greater than 21.235×109/L, pertussis in newborns is more likely to progress to severe disease.

表1 本研究71例新生儿百日咳患儿一般临床资料比较
表2 2组新生儿百日咳患儿临床观察项目比较
表3 2组新生儿百日咳患儿住院期间实验室检查和辅助检查结果比较
表4 2组新生儿百日咳患儿住院期间采取治疗方案比较
图1 WBC峰值诊断新生儿重症百日咳的ROC曲线注:WBC为白细胞计数,ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线
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